Verification of logic controllers for continuous plants using timed condition/event-system models

Kowalewski, Stefan; Engell, Sebastian; Preuβig, J.; Stursberg, Olaf

doi:10.1016/s0005-1098(98)00179-4

Cited by 40 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…A Siemens S5-95U PLC is responsible for the data acquisition as well as for the actuation over some of the final control elements of the plant. The extended industrial utilization of these devices is a more than sufficient proof of their usefulness and convenience for this type of tasks (13)(14)(15). The communication between the PLC and the PC is carried out through RS-232 boards, which allows the interaction between PLC-PC and PC-PLC and makes it possible to develop an interactive exchange of information in a standard way, i.e., asynchronous serial communications.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advanced Monitoring and Supervision of Biological Treatment of Complex Dairy Effluents in a Full-Scale Plant

et al. 2004

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The operation of a wastewater treatment plant treating effluents from a dairy laboratory was monitored by an advanced system. This plant comprises a 12 m(3) anaerobic filter (AF) reactor and a 28 m(3) sequential batch reactor (SBR) coupled in series and is equipped with the following on-line measurement devices: biogas flow meter, feed and recycling flow meters, temperature sensor, dissolved oxygen analyzer, and redox meter. Other parameters such as chemical oxygen demand (COD), volatile fatty acids (VFA), etc. were determined off-line. The plant has been in operation for 634 days, the influent flow rate being 6-8 m(3)/d. COD concentration of the influent ranged between 8 and 12 kg COD/m(3), resulting in COD values in the effluent around 50-200 mg/L. The behavior of the system was studied using the set of measurements collected by the data acquisition program especially developed for this purpose. Monitoring of variables such as anaerobic reactor temperature permitted the detection and prevention of several failures such as temperature shocks in the AF reactor. Besides, off-line measurements such as the alkalinity or the VFA content, together with the on-line measurements, provided immediate information about the state of the plant and the detection of several anomalies, such as organic overloads in the SBR, allowing the implementation of several fast control actions.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advanced Monitoring and Supervision of Biological Treatment of Complex Dairy Effluents in a Full-Scale Plant

et al. 2004

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“…Another early study by Rausch and Krogh [95] also uses Timed Net C/E and transform them to SMV models using a rule-based engine. Kowalewski et al [66] also used C/Es together with the HyTech tool [52] to perform reachability analysis. A more recent study by Vyatkin et al [108] also uses net C/Es and presents a framework supporting conversion from state charts and model checking using SESA tool.…”

Section: Other Approaches That Use Model Checkingmentioning

confidence: 99%

An overview of model checking practices on verification of PLC software

et al. 2014

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Programmable logic controllers (PLCs) are heavily used in industrial control systems, because of their high capacity of simultaneous input/output processing capabilities. Characteristically, PLC systems are used in mission critical systems, and PLC software needs to conform real-time constraints in order to work properly. Since PLC programming requires mastering low-level instructions or assembly like languages, an important step in PLC software production is modelling using a formal approach like Petri nets or automata. Afterward, PLC software is produced semiautomatically from the model and refined iteratively. Model checking, on the other hand, is a well-known software verification approach, where typically a set of timed properties are verified by exploring the transition system produced from the software model at hand. Naturally, model checking is applied in a variety of ways to verify the correctness of PLC-based software. In this paper, we provide a broad view about the difficulties that are encountered during the model checking process applied at the verification phase of PLC software production. We classify the approaches from two different perCommunicated by Prof. Einar Broch Johnsen and Luigia Petre. spectives: first, the model checking approach/tool used in the verification process, and second, the software model/source code and its transformation to model checker's specification language. In a nutshell, we have mainly examined SPIN, SMV, and UPPAAL-based model checking activities and model construction using Instruction Lists (and alike), Function Block Diagrams, and Petri nets/automata-based model construction activities. As a result of our studies, we provide a comparison among the studies in the literature regarding various aspects like their application areas, performance considerations, and model checking processes. Our survey can be used to provide guidance for the scholars and practitioners planning to integrate model checking to PLC-based software verification activities.

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“…Approximately bisimilar finite symbolic models have been constructed [15] based on an incremental stability property of the underlying the hybrid system. The other category of approaches to obtaining discrete abstractions is based on a priori partitioning the state space based on properties of each block which may be of interest [16][17][18][19][20][21]. Among this body of work, [18,20] make explicit use of a state quantizer.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Finite abstractions for hybrid systems with stable continuous dynamics

Tanner

Rawal

et al. 2011

Discrete Event Dyn Syst

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This paper outlines an abstraction process in which a particular class of hybrid automata with continuous dynamics that have parameterized positive limit sets, are being abstracted into finite transition systems. The limit sets with their corresponding attraction regions define pre-and post-conditions for the continuous dynamics, and determine the transitions in the discrete abstraction. An observable (weak) bisimulation equivalence is established between the two models. The abstraction process described can find application in verification, as well as in planning and symbolic control.

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Verification of logic controllers for continuous plants using timed condition/event-system models

Cited by 40 publications

References 21 publications

Advanced Monitoring and Supervision of Biological Treatment of Complex Dairy Effluents in a Full-Scale Plant

Advanced Monitoring and Supervision of Biological Treatment of Complex Dairy Effluents in a Full-Scale Plant

An overview of model checking practices on verification of PLC software

Finite abstractions for hybrid systems with stable continuous dynamics

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