Verification of Similarity of Scaling Laws in Tunnel Fires with Natural Ventilation

Lin, Ping; Xiong, Yuanyuan; Zuo, Cong; Shi, Jia-Kang

doi:10.1007/s10694-020-01084-9

Cited by 10 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Two different sizes of combustion boxes (10 cm × 10 cm and 15 cm × 15 cm) were used to measure two different fire source powers (heat release rates) using the mass loss method. The measured heat release rates were 2.4 kW and 5.7 kW, respectively [33,34]. The system was installed on the experimental platform.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Real-Time Pre-Response Experiment System for High-Rise Building Fires Based on the Internet of Things

Zhao

Zhu

2023

Fire

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The primary objective of the current fire protection system in high-rise buildings is to extinguish fires in close proximity to the detectors. However, in the event of rapidly spreading fires, it is more effective to limit the transmission of fire and smoke. This study aims to develop an IoT-based real-time pre-response system for high-rise building fires that is capable of limiting the spread of fire and smoke. The proposed system collects fire data from sensors and transmits them to a cloud computer for real-time analysis. Based on the analysis results, the cloud computer controls the actions of alarm devices, ventilation equipment, and fine water mist nozzles. The system can dynamically adjust the entire system’s behavior in real time by adopting pre-response measures to extinguish fires and limit the spread of fires and smoke. The system was tested on a simulation platform similar to actual high-rise buildings to evaluate its impact on fires and smoke. The results demonstrate the system’s effectiveness in extinguishing fires and suppressing the spread of fires and smoke.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Real-Time Pre-Response Experiment System for High-Rise Building Fires Based on the Internet of Things

Zhao

Zhu

2023

Fire

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“…Figures 6 and 7 show the interior and overall diagrams of the experimental platform. Table 1 summarizes the relationships between some physical parameters and the prototype [20].…”

Section: Similar Simulation As Validationmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Prediction Model for Smoke Spread Path in High Rise Building Fires Based on Graph Theory

Zhao

Zhu

2023

Fire

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To satisfy the demand for rapid prediction of smoke transmission paths in high-rise building fires, a graph-based model was developed. The model represents a high-rise building as a Directed Acyclic Graph (DAG) grid model and employs computer simulation to determine the smoke transmission path and generate prediction results. The results were compared with those from similar simulations and were found to be consistent, indicating the feasibility and objective nature of the prediction results. Compared to other methods, this model has a shorter modeling time and can quickly provide prediction results. Furthermore, it can be applied to buildings of any structure, thus serving as a reference for smoke control design in high-rise building fire protection systems, particularly in cases involving complex internal structures.

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Analysis of Fire Throttling in Longitudinally Ventilated Tunnels With a One-dimensional Model

Ang

Peiró

Riess³

et al. 2022

Fire Technol

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Fire throttling is the increase in flow resistance due to a large fire in a longitudinally ventilated tunnel. Although the fire throttling effect has been been known and studied for tunnels over the last 40 years, there is not yet a consistent one-dimensional (1D) model that can describe this behaviour or a framework suitable for practical application. We propose a semi-empirical model, based upon pipe flow engineering principles, to describe this effect by separating the resistance to flow, or pressure loses in three parts: upstream of the fire, locally at the fire, and downstream of the fire. The proposed 1D model called TE1D is derived from a simple steady one-dimensional momentum balance in which a semi-empirical mean temperature distribution is assumed across the tunnel. We verify the model by comparing the pressures losses it predicts with those calculated in CFD simulations based on OpenFOAM and Fire Dynamics Simulator. The comparison shows good agreement between the CFD codes for the range of fires sizes considered from 5 to 50 MW and good agreement between TE1D and the CFD results with the proposed 1D model for fire sizes below 30 MW. However, for values above there are large discrepancies between the results obtained by the TE1D and CFD. We posit as a potential explanation that these differences are due to flow and temperature stratification which is not accounted for in the 1D model. The model using pipe flow principles allows engineers to adopt this model for design, together with other pressure losses considered in tunnel ventilation.

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Verification of Similarity of Scaling Laws in Tunnel Fires with Natural Ventilation

Cited by 10 publications

References 30 publications

A Real-Time Pre-Response Experiment System for High-Rise Building Fires Based on the Internet of Things

A Real-Time Pre-Response Experiment System for High-Rise Building Fires Based on the Internet of Things

A Prediction Model for Smoke Spread Path in High Rise Building Fires Based on Graph Theory

Analysis of Fire Throttling in Longitudinally Ventilated Tunnels With a One-dimensional Model

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