Vermicomposting of Solid Waste Generated from Leather Industries Using Epigeic Earthworm Eisenia foetida

Ravindran, B.; Dinesh, S. L.; Kennedy, L. John; Sekaran, G.

doi:10.1007/s12010-008-8222-3

Cited by 105 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…TG analysis is generally performed in the temperature range of 30 to 1200°C under heating rate of 10°C/min. The pressure is always maintained at 101 kPa (kilopascal) (Ravindran et al 2008(Ravindran et al , 2013.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Various researchers have used SEM technique to observe the changes in surface morphology of pre-and post-vermicomposted organic wastes (Ravindran et al 2008;Ravindran and Sekaran 2010;Zhao et al 2010;Li et al 2011;Unuofin and Mnkeni 2014;Lim et al 2014Kumar et al 2014;Rajpal et al 2014;Bhat et al 2014Bhat et al , 2015aWu 2015, 2016;Hussain et al 2016a). Ravindran et al (2008) recorded SEM to know the changes in surface morphology (texture) in the control and final vermicomposted mixtures of a solid waste (animal fleshing) produced from leather industry. The study observed that the aggregates of biomass was firmly bounded in the control animal fleshing mixture, whereas the lignin and the protein matrix was broken down by worms in the final feed mixtures of animal fleshing waste.…”

Section: Relevance and Use Of Sophisticated Techniques (Sem Ft-ir Tmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Instrumental characterization of organic wastes for evaluation of vermicompost maturity

Bhat

Singh

2017

J Anal Sci Technol

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Instrumental analysis of vermicompost with the help of modern technologies provides essential information on its maturity, before it can be used for agricultural application. Nowadays, vermicompost is considered as a promising organic alternative to chemical fertilizers in agriculture and horticulture. The objectives of this review are to summarize the sophisticated instrumental techniques such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM), fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, thermogravimetry (TG), ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) spectroscopy techniques, physico-chemical parameters (pH, electrical conductivity, organic carbon content, C:N ratio, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, sodium, calcium) and biological indicator (germination index) to determine the maturity of vermicompost produced from organic wastes. These techniques are reliable, fast and are capable of tracking organic waste degradation during the bioconversion process and fertilizing ability of the final product. SEM analysis provides essential information on surface morphology of vermicompost samples. The SEM micrograph of final vermicompost reveals disaggregation. In contrast, the initial SEM micrograph reflects robust and relatively contiguous structures. FT-IR spectroscopy technique is used to confirm the decomposition of polypeptides, polysaccharides, aliphatic, aromatic, carboxylic, phenolic groups and lignin during vermicomposting of organic wastes. TG method is used to characterize organic waste mineralization where progressive reduction in the mass loss of vermicompost indicates net mineralization and degradation. UV-vis spectroscopy is used to assess the degree of humification. The sharp fall in humification index during vermicomposting process indicates high level of organic material humification. Changes in physico-chemical and biological parameters are also an indicative parameter for organic waste mineralization as well as vermicompost stability and maturity.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Relevance and Use Of Sophisticated Techniques (Sem Ft-ir Tmentioning

confidence: 99%

Instrumental characterization of organic wastes for evaluation of vermicompost maturity

Bhat

Singh

2017

J Anal Sci Technol

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“…In the final product the concentration of copper was significantly low (about 36.4% reduction was registered). Ravindran et al (2008) reported the vermicomposting of animal fleshing (ANFL) generated as solid waste from tannery industries using the epigeic earthworm Eisenia fetida. The mixing ratio of ANFL with cow dung and agricultural residues as feed mixtures was maintained at 3:1:1, respectively during the vermicomposting.…”

Section: Tanning Industry Wastementioning

confidence: 99%

Industrial wastes and sludges management by vermicomposting

Yadav

Garg

2011

Rev Environ Sci Biotechnol

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Vermicomposting has been arising as an innovative ecotechnology for the conversion of various types of wastes into vermicompost. Vermicompost is humus like, finely granulated and stabilized material which can be used as a soil conditioner to reintegrate the organic matter to the agricultural soils. Industrial wastes remain largely unutilized and often cause environmental problems like ground and surface water pollution, foul odours, occupying vast land areas etc. Non-toxic and organic industrial wastes could be potential raw material for vermitechnology. In the last two decades, vermitechnology has been applied for the management of industrial wastes and sludges and to convert them into vermicompost for land restoration practices. The success of the process depends upon several process parameters like quality of raw material, pH, temperature, moisture, aeration etc., type of vermicomposting system and earthworm species used. The review discusses the vermitechnology and the present state of research in the vermicomposting industrial sludges and wastes.

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“…Both delimed fleshings and residual hair might well constitute an important source of protein with interesting uses as biological fertilizers in agriculture or horticulture (Serrano et al 2003). Ravindran et al (2008) vermicomposted fleshings using the epigeic earthworm Eisenia foetida and used as nutrient-enriched products.…”

Section: Fleshing and Limed Split Wastesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recovery and utilization of proteinous wastes of leather making: a review

Sundar

Gnanamani

Muralidharan

et al. 2010

Rev Environ Sci Biotechnol

135

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Hides and skins, by-product of the meat industry is converted into a value added product namely leather by the tanners. Tanning essentially is the process of converting raw hides and skins into imputrescible substance. The tanning process has number of steps and generates significant quantities of by products and wastes. These solid and liquid wastes pose major environmental problem if not managed effectively. Large-scale production systems are adopted for leather processing in clusters and therefore, the industry receives focus of environmentalists and society. Consequently tremendous pressure is exerted by various pollution regulatory bodies. The hides and skins, after trimming, removal of flesh and fat, are treated with chemicals, which cross-link the collagen fibers to form a stable, durable material. The chemicals used may be derived from traditional vegetable products, or inorganic metal salts. During leather processing number of size reduction, leveling and purification operations are carried out which results in generation of untanned and tanned proteinous waste materials. In this paper, various recovery processes and utilization methodologies of proteinous solid wastes, emanating from leather processing operations prior to tanning is reviewed.

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Vermicomposting of Solid Waste Generated from Leather Industries Using Epigeic Earthworm Eisenia foetida

Cited by 105 publications

References 24 publications

Instrumental characterization of organic wastes for evaluation of vermicompost maturity

Instrumental characterization of organic wastes for evaluation of vermicompost maturity

Industrial wastes and sludges management by vermicomposting

Recovery and utilization of proteinous wastes of leather making: a review

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