Vermindertes Plasmacarnitin bei Typ-I Diabetes mellitus

Abstract

Realizing the importance of carnitine for the lipid and carbohydrate metabolism and the possible role for glucose utilization and myocardial function carnitine concentrations in type I and type II diabetic patients in plasma, erythrocytes and 24 h urine were determined. The plasma levels of carnitine were significantly diminished in type I diabetic patients compared to controls, while carnitine concentrations in erythrocytes and 24 h urine did not differ from controls. Plasma carnitine levels did not change significantly during the diurnial profile. No correlation between HbA1c and carnitine levels was observed in the diabetic patients.

Obesity and lipid stress inhibit carnitine acetyltransferase activity

“…Because CPT1 and CrAT share similar carnitine binding motifs ( 31 ), these data support the notion that carnitine acyltransferases are susceptible to inhibition when local carnitine concentrations fall. This observation is particularly relevant to obesity, diabetes, and other disease conditions associated with carnitine insuffi ciency ( 2,(32)(33)(34)(35)(36)(37)(38)(39)(40). Moreover, results from the current study suggest that the mitochondrial pool of free carnitine is more prone to depletion than other compartments.…”

The pattern of urinary acylcarnitines determined by electrospray mass spectrometry: a new tool in the diagnosis of diabetes mellitus

“…This leads of course to a decrease of free carnitine concentrations in the patients. This mechanism, probably responsible for the observed higher concentration of LCA in urine, was described for acylcarnitines in plasma and tissue [21]. Compared to the controls, the free carnitine concentration of insulin-treated diabetics is in the same range with an average of 18 µg mL -1 .…”

Acetyl-L-Carnitine and Nicotinamide for Prevention of Type 1 Diabetes. I-Literature Review which Gave Support to the Treatment. II-Case Report, Evaluation of Five Years Treatment

“…It was suggested that L-carnitine was lost by urine [60]. Also, it has been proposed that it is convenient to treat diabetic patients with L-carnitine [61,62].…”

“…A number of studies demonstrated that cytokines could be modulated with the addition of acetyl-L-carnitine and L-carnitine [62]. We investigated if L-carnitine could modify the "in vitro" inhibition of insulin release of normal ß-cells when they were co-cultured with splenocytes from diabetic mice [81].…”

“…Pharmacologic treatment with acetyl-L-carnitine and nicotinamide generated acetyl-CoA and increased mitochondrial NADH with incremented TCA flux [40,47,62]. The incremented energy required enzyme synthesis, but this demand is first energetic and secondarily enzymatic, giving time for enzyme synthesis.…”