Versatile but Temperamental: A Morphological Study of Palmaris Longus in the Cadaver

Mathew, Asha Joselet; Sukumaran, Tintu Thottiyil; Joseph, Susan

doi:10.7860/jcdr/2015/11212.5542

Cited by 21 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 8 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The PLM is a welldeveloped muscle in orangutans although it can be absent in chimpanzees and gorillas [1,16].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The PLI is an uncommon variation and it has been described by a few authors [1,13,14]. A three headed PLI has also been reported as a surgical finding [11,13,15,16].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some authors have described the PLM as a mere regressive metacarpophalangeal flexor because of its lack of effective function and its numerous anatomical variations [1,8,17,18].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…flexor carpi radialis and flexor carpi ulnaris muscles and superficial to the median nerve [1][2][3][4][5]. It is supplied by branches of the ulnar and brachial arteries, and branches of the median nerve supply its innervations [2,6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The palmaris longus muscle (PLM) is a superficial, slender, fusiform muscle of the forearm which acts as a weak wrist flexor together with the other forearm flexor muscles [1,2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 4 more Smart Citations

Palmaris Inversus Muscle: A Case Report With Clinical and Surgical Discussions

Souza¹,

Pires²,

Figueiredo³

et al. 2017

IJAR

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background:The palmaris longus muscle is a slender fusiform muscle. It is especially prone to vary in comparison to other muscles in the upper limb and it is considered to be a vestigial structure. It is the most variable muscle in the human body, although its reverted state is barely discussed. The palmaris longus inversion can cause compression on neurovascular bundles, specially the median nerve on the carpal tunnel and the ulnar nerve on the Guyon canal.

show abstract

“…The PLM is a welldeveloped muscle in orangutans although it can be absent in chimpanzees and gorillas [1,16].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The PLI is an uncommon variation and it has been described by a few authors [1,13,14]. A three headed PLI has also been reported as a surgical finding [11,13,15,16].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some authors have described the PLM as a mere regressive metacarpophalangeal flexor because of its lack of effective function and its numerous anatomical variations [1,8,17,18].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The palmaris longus muscle (PLM) is a superficial, slender, fusiform muscle of the forearm which acts as a weak wrist flexor together with the other forearm flexor muscles [1,2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Palmaris Inversus Muscle: A Case Report With Clinical and Surgical Discussions

Souza¹,

Pires²,

Figueiredo³

et al. 2017

IJAR

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

Morphological variability of the palmaris longus muscle in human fetuses

et al. 2018

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

PurposeThe palmaris longus (PL) muscle is characterized by high-morphological variability. It is clinically important as it is routinely harvested for the reconstruction of other tendons. The study characterizes the morphology of the PL in human fetuses and creates a new classification based on its variations that would relate to the spectrum of morphological variability in adults.MethodsEighty spontaneously aborted human foetuses (44 male, 36 female, 160 upper limbs), aged 18–38 weeks of gestation, were examined.ResultsThe palmaris longus muscle was present in 62.5% of fetuses. The absence was bilateral in 26.25%, and unilateral in 22.5%. Nine types of palmaris longus muscles were identified based on the morphology of its insertion (Types I–IX). All types originated on the medial epicondyle of the humerus. The most common type was Type I, which was characterized by insertion to the palmar aponeurosis (52%). The rarest types were Type VII and Type IX (1% each). Type VII was characterized by partial doubling of the muscle belly, which then turned into two separate tendons that inserted together into the palmar aponeurosis. Type IX was characterized by fusion with the flexor carpi ulnaris muscle.ConclusionOur findings concerning morphological variability of the PL in fetuses present a new perspective on the understanding nature of the morphological variation of the PL muscle in adults.List of evidenceBasic Science Study.

show abstract

Bilateral reversed palmaris longus muscle: a case report and systematic literature review

2019

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Purpose We present a case of a bilateral reversed palmaris longus muscle and a systematic review of the literature on this anatomical variation. Methods Routine dissection of a 90-year-old male cadaver revealed a rare bilateral reversed palmaris longus. This was documented photographically, and length and relation to anatomical landmarks were recorded. This finding stimulated a systematic review of the literature on the reversed palmaris longus variation, from which measurements were collated and statistical analysis performed to determine the prevalence, average length, relationship to side and sex, and to discuss its clinical and evolutionary implications. Results The average length of the muscle belly and tendon of reversed palmaris longus was 135 mm and 126 mm, respectively. Statistical analysis revealed no disparity in presentation due to sex and side; however, bilateral reversed palmaris longus has only been reported in males. A high proportion (70.8%) of reversed palmaris longus were discovered in the right upper limb compared to the left. Conclusion Variations in palmaris longus are purported to be as a result of phylogenetic regression. Clinically, patients with this variant may present with pain or swelling of the distal forearm, often as a result of intense physical exertion related to occupation or sport. Clinicians should be aware of this muscle variant as its presence could lead to confusion during tendon allograft harvesting procedures in reconstructive and tendon grafting surgery.

show abstract

Versatile but Temperamental: A Morphological Study of Palmaris Longus in the Cadaver

Cited by 21 publications

References 8 publications

Palmaris Inversus Muscle: A Case Report With Clinical and Surgical Discussions

Palmaris Inversus Muscle: A Case Report With Clinical and Surgical Discussions

Morphological variability of the palmaris longus muscle in human fetuses

Bilateral reversed palmaris longus muscle: a case report and systematic literature review

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About