Versatile design and synthesis of nano-barcodes

Abstract

Encoded nano-structures/particles have been used for barcoding and are in great demand for the simultaneous analysis of multiple targets. Due to their nanoscale dimension(s), nano-barcodes have been implemented favourably for bioimaging, in addition to their security and multiplex bioassay application. In designing nano-barcodes for a specific application, encoding techniques, synthesis strategies, and decoding techniques need to be considered. The encoding techniques to generate unique multiple codes for nano-barcodes are based on certain encoding elements including optical (fluorescent and non-fluorescent), graphical, magnetic, and phase change properties of nanoparticles or their different shapes and sizes. These encoding elements can generally be embedded inside, decorated on the surface of nanostructures or self-assembled to prepare the nano-barcodes. The decoding techniques for each encoding technique are different and need to be suitable for the desired applications. This review will provide a thorough discussion on designing nano-barcodes, focusing on the encoding techniques, synthesis methods, and decoding for applications including bio-detection, imaging, and anti-counterfeiting. Additionally, associated challenges in the field and potential solutions will also be discussed. We believe that a comprehensive understanding on this topic could significantly contribute towards the advancement of nano-barcodes for a broad spectrum of applications.

Microfluidics‐Implemented Biochemical Assays: From the Perspective of Readout

“…Barcodes generally consist of 1D codes and 2D codes made of different patterns. [23] These patterns have a high encoding capacity and can define enormous information. [24] Barcodes have been extensively used to store information in a standardized and convenient way that can be easily read by portal devices such as a scanner or a smartphone, offering a promising platform for developing point-of-care assays.…”

Portable Smartphone‐Based Platform for Real‐Time Particle Detection in Microfluidics

“…2019, 4, 1800359 numbers were then used to calculate the error rate and the accuracy rate of the method by using the formula below [44,45] ( )= + × Error rate % false positives false negatives manual count 100% (2) ( )= − Accuracy rate % 1 error rate (3) Fabrication and Setup of Plug-and-Play Paper Pump: The plug-and-play paper pump was fabricated from chromatography paper no. Mater.…”

“…[1] Specialized equipment and fluorescence biochemical detection techniques are often employed for sensitive isolation and quantification of these bioparticles that limit the possibility for real-time home-care, onsite or telemedicine applications. [2,3] Microfluidic advances have opened possibilities for miniaturizing these laboratory-based processes to the size of a microscopic glass slide. [4] However, most microfluidic systems require external equipment to complement the microfluidic system such as microscope for imaging, mechanical pump for driving the fluid, light sources for fluorescence excitation, and computer systems for software data processing.…”

Strategies for Improving the Performance and Application of MOFs Photocatalysts

“…At present, the photocatalytic materials are mainly inorganic semiconductors, such as TiO 2 , ZnO, and CdS . Their application in real life is greatly limited, due to their low light conversion efficiency and the difficulty in structural modification . It is necessary to develop new types of photocatalyst.…”

“…[59][60][61][62] Their application in real life is greatly limited, due to their low light conversion efficiency [63][64][65] and the difficulty in structural modification. [66][67][68] It is necessary to develop new types of photocatalyst.…”