Versatile post-functionalization of the external shell of cowpea chlorotic mottle virus by using click chemistry

Abstract

We present the modification of the outer protein shell of cowpea chlorotic mottle virus (CCMV) with linear and strained alkyne groups. These functionalized protein capsids constitute valuable platforms for post-functionalization via click chemistry. After modification, the integrity of the capsid and the reversible disassembly behavior are preserved.

Compartmentalized Thin Films with Customized Functionality via Interfacial Cross‐linking of Protein Cages

“…Combining the encapsulation abilities of VLPs with their diverse surface chemistry, we explored the strategy to prepare viral protein cage‐based (free‐standing) thin films with customized functionality via interfacial crosslinking of the constituent proteins. The abundant number of amine groups on the exterior surface of protein cages allows the interfacial cross‐linking . Through careful control of the reactant concentration and reaction time, films can be formed on a water/oil interface and the thickness is tunable from a monolayer to submicron size.…”

Virus‐like particles: Next‐generation nanoparticles for targeted therapeutic delivery

“…This method has been used to display antibody fragments, folic acid, and RGD peptides on MS2 and CPMV, all of which have been shown to allow selective targeting of cancer cells . Additionally, heterologous proteins, peptides, nucleic acids, and PEG have been displayed on HBVc, MS2, Qβ, CCMV, and CPMV VLPs using this approach . pAF has been incorporated into MS2 and conjugated to ligands displaying phenylene diamines and aminophenols …”

Metal‐Free Click Chemistry Reactions on Surfaces

“…Such an activation by e.g. fluorine incorporation is not always needed, as shown by the use of unactivated cyclooctyne (OCT) derivatives anchored on atomic force microscopy (AFM) tips in the efficient functionalization of these tips with azide‐derivatized biomolecules, modification of azide‐terminated gold surfaces by the attachment of cyclooctyne‐modified DNA, or the functionalization of soft surfaces such as the exterior of the cowpea chlorotic mottle virus capsid, which were derivatized with alkynes and post‐functionalized by click chemistry with azides to give the triazole‐modified virus capsid . Although the use of OCT derivatives usually requires long reaction times, a fast surface patterning by microcontact chemistry was described by Burley, Ravoo, and co‐workers .…”