Vertebral Bone Marrow Fat Is Positively Associated With Visceral Fat and Inversely Associated With IGF‐1 in Obese Women

Bredella, Miriam A.; Torriani, Martin; Ghomi, Reza Hosseini; Thomas, Bijoy J.; Brick, Danielle J.; Gerweck, Anu V.; Rosen, Clifford J.; Klibanski, Anne; Miller, Karen K.

doi:10.1038/oby.2010.106

Cited by 294 publications

(266 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Using 1H-MRS we have found increased bone marrow fat in premenopausal women with high visceral fat compared to women with low visceral fat despite normal BMD. In addition, visceral fat correlated with vertebral bone marrow fat, but there was no association between bone marrow fat and body mass index (BMI), subcutaneous or total abdominal fat depots [18]. This suggests distinct metabolic roles for visceral and subcutaneous fat.…”

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confidence: 82%

Perspective: the bone-fat connection

Bredella

2010

Skeletal Radiol

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confidence: 82%

Perspective: the bone-fat connection

Bredella

2010

Skeletal Radiol

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“…High body mass index (BMI) is associated with various diseases, including cardiovascular, obstructive sleep apnea, diabetes mellitus type 2, specific types of cancer and osteoarthritis (2). Bone metabolism is also abnormal in obesity (3) and positive and negative factors have been identified to be associated with bone health status (4)(5)(6). A number of previous studies have revealed that obesity stimulates bone formation by inhibiting apoptosis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adipocytes regulate the bone marrow microenvironment in a mouse model of obesity

Hang

et al. 2013

Molecular Medicine Reports

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Abstract. Obesity is markedly associated with abnormal bone density indicating the importance of adipocytes in bone metabolism. However, the specific function of adipocytes remains unclear, with marked discrepancies in observations of previous studies. In the present study, the effect of adipocytes on osteoblasts/osteoclasts was analyzed. A mouse model of obesity was established and an in vitro co-culture system was utilized containing adipocyte and MC3T3/RAW 264.7 cells in a Transwell plate. Compared with control mice, obese mice exhibited low body weight and bone mineral density of the tibia and fat cells were observed to accumulate in bone marrow. MC3T3/RAW 264.7 cells were co-cultured with adipocytes and the mRNA and protein expression of alkaline phosphatase and osteocalcin was found to be decreased in MC3T3-E1 cells and mRNA and protein expression of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase and cathepsin K was significantly increased in RAW 264.7 cells. In addition, the effect of adipocytes on the osteoprotegerin (OPG)/receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand (RANKL)/RANK system indicated that the RANKL/OPG ratio secreted by osteoblasts increased and RANK expression by osteoclasts increased, leading to increased osteoclastogenesis. These results indicate that bone metabolism is impaired in obese mice leading to decreased osteoblastogenesis and marked increases in osteoclastogenesis and low bone mass. IntroductionObesity is becoming increasingly prevalent, leading to reduced life expectancy and increased health problems (1). High body mass index (BMI) is associated with various diseases, including cardiovascular, obstructive sleep apnea, diabetes mellitus type 2, specific types of cancer and osteoarthritis (2). Bone metabolism is also abnormal in obesity (3) and positive and negative factors have been identified to be associated with bone health status (4-6). A number of previous studies have revealed that obesity stimulates bone formation by inhibiting apoptosis. A recent study demonstrated that high BMI prevents normal bone fracture and osteoporotic fracture in various age groups and genders (7). By contrast, it has also been reported that osteoporosis occurs in obese individuals (8). These inconsistencies may be due to the use of different animal models in each study.Adipose tissue, a large endocrine organ, secretes a number of hormones that affect bone metabolism. Adipocytes in the bone marrow microenvironment differentiate from bone marrow mesenchymal cells and secrete cytokines which affect osteoblast and osteoclast levels in bone marrow. The effect of adipocytes on osteoblasts/osteoclasts remains controversial.The aim of the present study was to identify the function of adipocytes in the bone marrow microenvironment. To analyze the biological foundations of bone metastasis in obesity, a high-fat diet was selected to establish a mouse model of obesity (9). The results indicate that adipocytes accumulate in the bone marrow environment and affect bone turnover and osteoblast/osteoclast differentiation....

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“…It has been shown that individuals with higher BMI are more likely to suffer hyperinsulinemia, as impaired production of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1)-binding globulins results in increased expression of IGF-1, which stimulates the differentiation of osteoblasts and promotes bone formation. 13 It should be noted that body weight and BMI also reflect the nutritional status of humans, and malnutrition directly affects bone reconstruction. 14 Johnson et al, Kim et al and Wu SF and Du XJ also demonstrated positive correlation of body mass index and BMD in their study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk factors influencing the bone health in perimenopausal and postmenopausal women

Hooda

Upadhyay

et al. 2017

Int J Reprod Contracept Obstet Gynecol

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INTRODUCTIONOsteoporosis is a progressive skeletal disease manifested by decreased bone mineral density and collateral damage to the bone microarchitecture, which can subsequently lead to impaired skeletal strength and elevated susceptibility to fractures.1 It is a common and complex health problem in the elderly women. It has been statistically observed that over 50% of the adults at age 50 years or older suffer from osteoporosis, among which approximately 70% are postmenopausal females.2 BMD has been widely accepted as a surrogate parameter for the diagnosis of osteopenia and osteoporosis which supports its utility as a diagnostic avenue for abnormal bone mass.3 Many reproductive and menstrual factors like parity, breastfeeding, age at first pregnancy, age at menarche, use of combined oral contraceptives (COCs) and duration of menopause might influence the risk of osteoporosis. Our aim was to investigate the correlation of these factors with the BMD of postmenopausal women and in women undergoing menopause transition phase. Firstly, it will help in reducing the unnecessary BMD testing in elderly women and secondly, it will help in prevention of osteoporosis by helping the clinician to assess the need for early intervention. ABSTRACTBackground: Bone loss is being increasingly identified in premenopausal and early postmenopausal women. The significance of low bone mineral density (BMD) in females needs to be addressed. Female reproductive system plays a major role in regulating the bone loss from menarche to senescence. The purpose of our study is to identify the menstrual and reproductive factors that may lead to decreased bone mass during the premenopausal period so that early intervention could lead to improved bone health. Methods: The study was conducted on 100 women aged 40 -60 years attending the outpatient department in Pandit Bhagwat Dayal Sharma PGIMS, Rohtak, Haryana, India. Their age, parity, body mass index, age at menarche, age at first pregnancy, duration of breast feeding, use of combined oral contraceptive, interpregnancy interval and BMD values were recorded. BMD was measured by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. Pearson test was used for correlation analysis. Comparison between the groups was conducted using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey's test. Results: A significant negative correlation was established between parity, age at menarche, duration of breast feeding and BMD values. On the other hand, BMI and duration of oral contraceptive use showed a significant positive correlation with BMD values. Conclusions: Identification of risk factors for low BMD will provide the opportunity for early intervention to preventosteoporosis and will reduce the burden of unnecessary BMD testing in elderly age group for screening of osteoporosis.

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Vertebral Bone Marrow Fat Is Positively Associated With Visceral Fat and Inversely Associated With IGF‐1 in Obese Women

Cited by 294 publications

References 34 publications

Perspective: the bone-fat connection

Perspective: the bone-fat connection

Adipocytes regulate the bone marrow microenvironment in a mouse model of obesity

Risk factors influencing the bone health in perimenopausal and postmenopausal women

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