Vertebral Malformations in French Bulldogs

Kuricová, Mária; Ledecký, Valent; Kvetková, Jaroslava; Lipták, Tomáš

doi:10.16988/iuvfd.322981

Cited by 4 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…The incidence of CVM in French Bulldogs in this single-centre Australian study was higher than any other reported study with 100% of dogs having one CVM and 90% having ≥2 vertebral malformations, compared with incidence rates of 67%-93.5% in other studies. 1,7,9,20 However, the occurrence of more severe forms of CVM such as dorsal, lateral and dorsolateral aplasia was seen in 45% (14/31) of French Bulldogs in this study, yet these subtypes were not associated with neurological deficits. If these occurred in isolation, they may have been more significant (like in the Pug breed) but instead they were predominantly surrounded by other CVM, which may have attenuated the degree of kyphosis and scoliosis created by these more severe malformations, thus making them less significant.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 48%

The presence, morphology and clinical significance of vertebral body malformations in an Australian population of French Bulldogs and Pugs

Brown¹,

Podadera

Ward

et al. 2021

Aust Veterinary J

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Objective To describe the incidence, morphology and clinical significance of congenital vertebral malformations (CVM) in two breeds of brachycephalic dogs presenting to a referral veterinary hospital.Design Prospective cohort study series.Materials and methods Forty-nine French Bulldogs and Pugs were prospectively evaluated and placed in one of two groups based on whether or not they presented for neurological signs referable to spinal cord disease. A computed tomography (CT) of their entire spine was obtained and the presence and classification of CVM along with the degree of spinal kyphosis recorded for all dogs. Statistical analysis was performed to identify clinical associations between these factors (P < 0.05).Results CVM were prevalent across both breeds with the French Bulldog having more malformations than the Pug (Kruskal-Wallis nonparametric analysis of variance, P < 0.0001). Breed associated vertebral malformation subtypes included butterfly subtype in French Bulldogs (Chi-square, P = 0.0002), and transitional subtype in Pugs (odds ratio, 22.7; P = 0.000). A new subtype, dorsal wedge, was observed in 12 cases. The presence, number and subtype of vertebral malformation were not reliable for predicting the development of neurological signs across both breeds (Chisquare, P > 0.05). However, spinal kyphosis >35 calculated via Cobb angle was associated with Pugs that had neurological deficits (Chi-square, P = 0.028).Conclusions Congenital vertebral malformations largely appear to be incidental findings in this population of French Bulldogs but are of more significance in the Pug breed when spinal kyphosis is >35 . French Bulldogs that have spinal cord disease and CVM are more likely to have pathology distant to CVM with intervertebral disc herniation most common.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 48%

The presence, morphology and clinical significance of vertebral body malformations in an Australian population of French Bulldogs and Pugs

Brown¹,

Podadera

Ward

et al. 2021

Aust Veterinary J

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“…In this report, a young pug puppy was suspected of having spine malformation caused by hemivertebra. As literature data suggest, this breed and other brachycephalic breeds are predisposed to vertebral deformation (Moissonnier et al, 2011;Schlensker and Distl, 2013). The clinical signs in this dog appeared when the dog was just three and a half months old, which is earlier than described in other cases (Jeffrey et al, 2007;.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 60%

“…Although any breed can be affected, hemivertebra is a common abnormality in small brachycephalic screw-tailed breeds, such as English bulldog, French bulldog, Boston terrier and pug. This malformation can also be observed in Yorkshire terrier, West Highland white terrier, fox terrier, Pekingese and German pointer (Moissonnier et al, 2011;Schlensker and Distl, 2013;De Rycke and Saunders, 2017). Sex predisposition to this anomaly is not established, and it is thought to be a heritable disease that is autosomal recessive.…”

Section: Case Presentationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Congenital thoracic kyphosis caused by hemivertebra in a pug puppy

Davitkov¹,

Marinković²,

Davitkov³

et al. 2020

VET GLASNIK

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“…Lumbosacral CT abnormalities were recently described in this breed (as well as in other brachycephalic breeds) mostly including congenital malformations such as hemivertebrae, block vertebrae, transitional vertebrae, and spina bifida with a high prevalence of 51% 12,13 . Concurrent clinical signs with these malformations are variable 12,13 . Most dogs are neurologically normal with lumbosacral congenital malformations 13 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…Vertebral abnormalities are frequently seen in spinal imaging studies of French Bulldogs (FB), mostly involving thoracic vertebrae 1–11 . Lumbosacral CT abnormalities were recently described in this breed (as well as in other brachycephalic breeds) mostly including congenital malformations such as hemivertebrae, block vertebrae, transitional vertebrae, and spina bifida with a high prevalence of 51% 12,13 . Concurrent clinical signs with these malformations are variable 12,13 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lumbosacral endplate contour defect is frequently observed concurrent with other lumbosacral abnormalities on spinal CT of French Bulldogs

Lecourtois

Baudin-Tréhiou

Blond

2023

Vet Radiology Ultrasound

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Lumbosacral osteochondrosis has been previously described in large breed dogs with variable clinical signs. Its CT features are a contour defect at the dorsal aspect of either vertebral endplate, commonly with an adjacent fragment. Descriptions of this condition have not been previously published in an increasingly popular breed, French Bulldogs. Aims of this retrospective, descriptive, single center study were to evaluate CT lumbosacral abnormalities and the frequency of lumbosacral endplate contour defect in a large sample of French Bulldogs. The presence and location of lumbosacral endplate contour defect and the presence of a concurrent osseous fragment were recorded. Other abnormal CT findings such as L7‐S1 disc herniation, cauda equina nerve roots compression or thickening, disc mineralization, endplate sclerosis, spondylosis deformans, S1 articular processes hypertrophy, transitional vertebrae, hemivertebrae, spina bifida, and block vertebrae were recorded. Lumbosacral CT abnormalities were present in 91.8% of dogs (168/183). The most common abnormality was an L7‐S1 dorsal disc herniation (77.4%, 130/168). Among dogs with lumbosacral abnormalities, the frequency of a lumbosacral endplate contour defect was 47% (79/168). It mostly involved L7 (78.5%, 62/79) at its dorsolateral aspect (61.3%, 38/62). A mineralized fragment was identified in 62% of the defects (49/79). Endplate contour defects were most frequently seen with a concurrent disc herniation (93.7%, 74/79) causing nerve root compression in 63.3% (50/79) and with sclerosis (65.8%, 52/79). There was no definitive evidence of a relationship with clinical presentation in this sample of French Bulldogs; therefore, this finding should be interpreted with caution. The etiology remains unclear.

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Vertebral Malformations in French Bulldogs

Cited by 4 publications

References 9 publications

The presence, morphology and clinical significance of vertebral body malformations in an Australian population of French Bulldogs and Pugs

The presence, morphology and clinical significance of vertebral body malformations in an Australian population of French Bulldogs and Pugs

Congenital thoracic kyphosis caused by hemivertebra in a pug puppy

Lumbosacral endplate contour defect is frequently observed concurrent with other lumbosacral abnormalities on spinal CT of French Bulldogs

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