Vertebral pathology in the Afar australopithecines

Cook, Della Collins; Buikstra, Jane E.; DeRousseau, C. Jean; Johanson, Donald C.

doi:10.1002/ajpa.1330600113

Cited by 74 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 23 publications

(19 reference statements)

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“…Lucy is the best representative of this earlier stage. These early hominids, the australopithecines, were probably not exclusively terrestrial bipeds, but retained some arboreal abilities for climbing and suspension (Prost, 1980;Senut, 1981;Cook et al, 1983;Stern and Susman, 1983;Schmidt, 1983;Senut and Tardieu, 19851, and their bipedalism was probably different from ours (Senut, 1981;Tardieu, 1981Tardieu, ,1982Tardieu, ,1983Tardieu, ,1986aSusman et al, 1984;Berge and Kazmierczak, 1986;McHenry, 1986). So the question emerges: "HOW did this transition occur from the more primitive type of bipedality to our modern bipedal patterns?…”

Section: Tardieu Et Almentioning

confidence: 67%

New method of three‐dimensional analysis of bipedal locomotion for the study of displacements of the body and body‐parts centers of mass in man and non‐human primates: Evolutionary framework

Tardieu

Aurengo²,

Tardieu³

1993

American J Phys Anthropol

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The current biomechanical interpretation of the chimpanzee's bipedal walking argues that larger lateral and vertical displacements of the body center of mass occur in the chimpanzee's "side-to-side" gait than in the human striding gait. The evolutionary hypothesis underlying this study is the following: during the evolution of human bipedalism one of the necessary changes could have been the progressive reduction of these displacements of the body center of mass. In order to quantitatively test this hypothesis, it is necessary to obtain simultaneously the trajectories of the centers of mass of the whole body and of the different body parts. To solve this problem, a new method of three-dimensional analysis of walking, associated with a volumetric modelling of the body, has been developed based on finite-element modeling. An orthogonal synchrophotographic device yielding four synchronous pictures of the walking subject allows a qualitative analysis of the photographic sequences together with the results of their quantitative analysis. This method was applied to an adult man, a 3-year-old girl and a 9-year-old male chimpanzee. Our results suggest that the trajectory of the body center of mass of the human is distinguished from that of the chimpanzee not by a lower movement amplitude but by the synchronization of the transverse and vertical displacements into two periodic curves in phase with one another. The non-human primate uses its repertoire of arboreal movements in its bipedal terrestrial gait, provisionally referred to as a "rope-walker" gait. We show that the interpretation of a "side-to-side" gait is not applicable to the chimpanzee. We argue that similarly this interpretation and the initial hypothesis presuppose a basic symmetric structure of the gait, in relation to the sagittal plane of progression, similar to the human one. This lateral symmetry of the right and left displacements of the center of gravity, in phase with the right and left single supports of walking, is probably a very derived feature of the human gait. We suggest that low lateral and vertical displacements of the body center of mass are not indicative of a progressive bipedal gait and we discuss the new evolutionary implications of our results.

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Section: Tardieu Et Almentioning

confidence: 67%

New method of three‐dimensional analysis of bipedal locomotion for the study of displacements of the body and body‐parts centers of mass in man and non‐human primates: Evolutionary framework

Tardieu

Aurengo²,

Tardieu³

1993

American J Phys Anthropol

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“…Despite this rather common occurrence today, only a few reports of SD are found in the palaeopathological literature (Møller-Christensen, 1958;Kunter, 1976;Hahn, 1990;Anderson & Carter, 1994;Coughlan & Holst, 2000). Only Cook et al (1983) and Stirland (1991Stirland ( , 2002personal communication) have reported the vertebral changes described by DiGiovanni et al (1989). Since no Schmorl's nodes have been found in the affected vertebrae of individual no.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Osteological evidence for the Battles of Zürich, 1799: a glimpse into soldiery of the past

Meyer

2003

Intl J of Osteoarchaeology

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“…Spinal measures, including spinal cord dimensions, were also assessed with a special focus on their size in relation to body or brain size (Elliott, 1945;Latimer, 1950;MacLarnon, 1996b;Marshall, 1892;Minne et al, 1988;Shapiro, 1993). Finally, unique human spinal morphological features were also compared to closest living relatives or to extinct ancestors (Boszczyk et al, 2001;Cook et al, 1983;Farfan, 1978;Sanders, 1991Sanders, , 1992Sanders, , 1998Shapiro, 1993).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Human osseous intervertebral foramen width

Rühli¹,

Müntener²,

Henneberg³

2005

American J Phys Anthropol

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Alterations of the width of the human intervertebral foramen can play a pathophysiological role in low back pain. Osseous dimensions of the human intervertebral foramen are rarely recorded. Therefore, we present reference data obtained from skeletal samples of known lifestyle, population affinity, sex, and age at death. Cervical, thoracic, and lumbar vertebrae of functional transition zones of 71 macroscopically normal spines from early 19th century AD Swiss burial sites were selected. The intervertebral foramen widths (IFW) were analyzed with respect to possible lateralization and the impact of sex, individual age, and stature. Neither a significant side difference nor a correlation of IFW with individual age or stature could be found. Females show somewhat larger IFW than males, especially in the lumbar region. Data comparisons with earlier studies are limited due to methodological differences and possible interpopulational variations. Furthermore, the osseous intervertebral foramen only reveals a glimpse of the clinically relevant in vivo structure. Nevertheless, more focus on the osseous dimensions of the intervertebral foramen will provide baseline data of this important anatomical landmark. These data could also explore the peculiarities of the intervertebral foramen, such as its reverse sex dimorphism.

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Vertebral pathology in the Afar australopithecines

Cited by 74 publications

References 23 publications

New method of three‐dimensional analysis of bipedal locomotion for the study of displacements of the body and body‐parts centers of mass in man and non‐human primates: Evolutionary framework

New method of three‐dimensional analysis of bipedal locomotion for the study of displacements of the body and body‐parts centers of mass in man and non‐human primates: Evolutionary framework

Osteological evidence for the Battles of Zürich, 1799: a glimpse into soldiery of the past

Human osseous intervertebral foramen width

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