2009
DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a001339
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Vertebrate Limb Development: Moving from Classical Morphogen Gradients to an Integrated 4-Dimensional Patterning System

Abstract: A wealth of classical embryological manipulation experiments taking mainly advantage of the chicken limb buds identified the apical ectodermal ridge (AER) and the zone of polarizing activity (ZPA) as the respective ectodermal and mesenchymal key signaling centers coordinating proximodistal (PD) and anteroposterior (AP) limb axis development. These experiments inspired Wolpert's French flag model, which is a classic among morphogen gradient models. Subsequent molecular and genetic analysis in the mouse identifi… Show more

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Cited by 137 publications
(123 citation statements)
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“…There are two primary signaling centers in the early limb bud: the zone of polarizing activity (ZPA) and the apical ectodermal ridge (AER) ( 30,31 ). They are the source of diffusible morphogens that control spatial patterning.…”
Section: Altered Limb Patterning Gene Expression In Srebp-2-defi Cienmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…There are two primary signaling centers in the early limb bud: the zone of polarizing activity (ZPA) and the apical ectodermal ridge (AER) ( 30,31 ). They are the source of diffusible morphogens that control spatial patterning.…”
Section: Altered Limb Patterning Gene Expression In Srebp-2-defi Cienmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Although mouse limb development begins around E9.0, the limb bud at this stage consists of a mass of undifferentiated cells, and the main limb structures—including tendons, skeleton, muscles, and vessels—are organized between E12.5 and E15.5 (Bénazet and Zeller 2009; Marcon et al, 2011; Martin, 1990; Tickle 2006). …”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Se ha identificado la cresta apical ectodérmica (CAE) y la zona de actividad polarizante (ZPA) como los centros de seña-les próximodistal (PD) y anteroposterior (AP) en el desarrollo del eje de miembro (Smith et al, 1989;Antonelli et al, 2012). El análisis molecular y genético en el ratón identifica ácido retinoico como señal proximal, FGFs y SHH como las señales instructivas esenciales las cuales son producidas por CAE Y ZPA, respectivamente (Bènazet & Zeller, 2009). Esto demuestra que las moléculas de un mismo morfógeno Revistiendo el canal central se observa una capa de células que corresponde al dominio progenitor (DP) La región del tubo neural ventral tiene seis dominios de celulas progenitoras PP, p3, pMN, p2, p1, and p0, los cuáles generan en la capa de neuronas post mitóticas (NP) los subtipos interneuronas (V0, V1, V2,V3) y neuronas motoras (MN).…”
Section: Morfógenos Más Conocidosunclassified