Vertebrate pest damage to wrapped, baled silage in Ireland

McNamara, K.; O’Kiely, P.; Whelan, John; Forristal, P. D.; Fuller, Hubert T.; Lenehan, J.J.

doi:10.1080/09670870010011082

Cited by 13 publications

(11 citation statements)

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“…The majority of the bales examined had been harvested in June and July 2002 and the bale storage characteristics were similar to those observed in a previous study [20]. Bales had a DM content of 286 (SD 93.9) g kg −1 and a pH of 4.3 (SD 0.56).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 58%

“…Only 4% of damaged bales were repaired and these were generally repaired using adhesive plastic repair patches. Damaged plastic film on bales is normally repaired in the interval between wrapping the bales and transporting them to the storage site [20]. Anecdotal evidence indicates that any subsequent damage that occurs during storage is usually not repaired.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fungi isolated from contaminated baled grass silage on farms in the Irish Midlands

O’Brien

O’Kiely

Forristal

et al. 2005

FEMS Microbiology Letters

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The incidence of fungal growth on baled grass silage was recorded on 35 farms in the Irish Midlands in 2003. Fungal colonies were visible on 58 of 64 bales examined and the number of colonies per bale ranged from 1 to 12. On average, 5% of bale surface areas were affected. The fungus most prevalent on bales was Penicillium roqueforti, present on 86% of bales and representing 52% of all isolates. Other moulds isolated were Penicillium paneum, Geotrichum, Fusarium and mucoraceous species. Schizophyllum commune was observed protruding through the plastic film on bales on 17 of the 35 farms.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 58%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fungi isolated from contaminated baled grass silage on farms in the Irish Midlands

O’Brien

O’Kiely

Forristal

et al. 2005

FEMS Microbiology Letters

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“…Bale wrapping, handling and storage were typical of Irish on‐farm practices (O’Kiely et al. , 1998; McNamara et al. , 2001) although there have been noteworthy changes since these studies were undertaken.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fungal contamination of big‐bale grass silage on Irish farms: predominant mould and yeast species and features of bales and silage

O’Brien

O’Kiely

Forristal

et al. 2008

Grass and Forage Science

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The extent of visible fungal growth and the identity of the predominant fungi causing spoilage of baled grass silage were recorded on 180 farms in Ireland. Fungal growth was evident on bales on 174 of the 180 farms visited and on 331 of the 360 bales examined. The mean proportion of surface area of bale, that was affected, was 0AE06. Silage-making method, storage characteristics and geographical location were significantly associated with the level of fungal contamination on bales. Fungal contamination was higher (P < 0AE001) in bales where the surrounding polythene stretch-film was visibly damaged compared with bales where the film appeared intact. A strong positive relationship was found between polythene film damage and dry-matter content of the silage. The predominant fungus affecting the largest numbers of bales was Penicillium roqueforti. Other fungi frequently isolated included Schizophyllum commune, Pichia fermentans and Penicillium paneum. The distribution of individual fungi on bales was associated with geographical location, weather at harvest, and lactic and butyric acid concentrations of the silage. Penicillium roqueforti and P. paneum were more common on bales harvested in dry weather and with higher concentrations of butyric and propionic acids in the silage. Overall, a high incidence of visible fungal growth was recorded on bales throughout the country and the extent of colonization and fungal species occurring were not random.

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“…In bale silages, more than 40% of the silage DM stored is within 120 mm of the film cover and the reduced total thickness of the combined layers of stretch film on the bale side, usually 70 μm (4 layers) to 105 μm (6 layers), could be expected to make individually wrapped bales more susceptible to oxygen ingress (Forristal and O'Kiely, 2005). Even small holes that can occur on farm due to both mechanical and wildlife factors can result in quantitative DM losses because of mold growth, especially in conserved forages with higher DM contents (McNamara et al, 2001;Müller et al, 2007). Air penetration into the silage stimulates aerobic bacteria, yeasts, and molds and causes aerobic deterioration (O'Brien et al, 2007;Borreani and Tabacco, 2008a).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection, identification, and typing of Listeria species from baled silages fed to dairy cows

Nucera

Grassi

Morra

et al. 2016

Journal of Dairy Science

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Anaerobiosis, critical for successful ensilage, constitutes a challenge in baled silages. The loss of complete anaerobiosis causes aerobic deterioration and silages undergo dry matter and nutrient losses, pathogen growth, and mycotoxin production. Silage may represent an ideal substrate for Listeria monocytogenes, a pathogen of primary concern in several cheeses. The aim of this research was to investigate the occurrence of Listeria in baled silage fed to cows producing milk for a protected designation of origin cheese, and to characterize isolates by repetitive sequence-based PCR. Listeria spp. were detected in 21 silages and L. monocytogenes in 6 out of 80 of the analyzed silages; 67% of positives were found in molded zones. Results of the PCR typing showed genotypic homogeneity: 72.9 and 78.8% similarity between strains of Listeria spp. (n = 56) and L. monocytogenes (n = 24), respectively. Identical profiles were recovered in molded and nonmolded areas, indicating that contamination may have occurred during production. The application of PCR allowed the unambiguous identification of Listeria isolated from baled silages, and repetitive sequence-based PCR allowed a rapid and effective typing of isolates. Results disclose the potential of the systematic typing of Listeria in primary production, which is needed for the understanding of its transmission pathways.

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Vertebrate pest damage to wrapped, baled silage in Ireland

Cited by 13 publications

References 0 publications

Fungi isolated from contaminated baled grass silage on farms in the Irish Midlands

Fungi isolated from contaminated baled grass silage on farms in the Irish Midlands

Fungal contamination of big‐bale grass silage on Irish farms: predominant mould and yeast species and features of bales and silage

Detection, identification, and typing of Listeria species from baled silages fed to dairy cows

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