“…To avoid, or at least ameliorate, such overestimation, one can use the same techniques used in the context of interval analysis, such as centered forms, interval splitting, and Taylor models (Section 3.4). However, in the context of fuzzy arithmetic, various other approaches have arisen, such as the "vertex method" (Dong & Shah, 1987) and its various enhancements (e.g., Wood et al, 1992;Otto et al, 1993;Yang et al, 1993;Anile et al, 1995;Chang & Hung, 2006), and the "transformation method" (Hanss, 2002(Hanss, , 2005, itself an extension and generalization of the vertex method. These methods, some of which have been compared by Seng et al (2007) on numerical test problems, attempt to exploit special properties, such as monotonicity and known extrema, of the function to be bounded over the intervals of interest.…”