Vertical and Horizontal Distributions of Zn, Cd, Pb, Cu, and Hg in Uncultivated Soil in the Vicinity of a Zinc Smelter at Odda, Norway

Svendsen, Monica Lian; Steinnes, E.; Blom, Hans A.

doi:10.1080/15320380701623644

Cited by 30 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Prevailing winds are from the south and the north and follow the direction of the fjord. A more detailed description of the site and the associated operations is given elsewhere (Svendsen et al, 2007).…”

Section: Site Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A site description and total concentrations of Zn, Cd, Pb, and Cu in a number of soil profiles and additional surface soils are reported elsewhere (Svendsen et al, 2007). In the present paper the partitioning of these elements in a selected number of these soil profiles is studied.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Focus has mostly been on total metal concentrations in the surface soil, but some researchers have also studied vertical distribution of contaminants (Buchauer, 1973;Låg, 1974;McMartin et al, 2002;Scokart et al, 1983;Svendsen et al, 2007). In order to assess the ecological risk associated with soil metal contamination, however, determination of total metal concentrations is not sufficient.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Partitioning of Zn, Cd, Pb, and Cu in organic-rich soil profiles in the vicinity of a zinc smelter

Svendsen

Steinnes

Blom

2011

Chemical Speciation & Bioavailability

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A five-step sequential extraction procedure was applied to organic-rich soil samples from five soil profiles situated 1 -8 km from a zinc smelter. The partitioning of Zn, Cd, Pb, and Cu into five operationally defined fractions (exchangeable, ''carbonate''-bound, reducible, oxidizable, and residual) was studied at different soil depths down to 35 cm. In the surface soil (0 -1 cm) a major part of Pb and Cu was extracted in the oxidizable fraction, whereas for Zn and Cd slightly more was extracted in the ''carbonate''-fraction than in the other four fractions. Extracted metal proportions in the oxidizable fraction were respectively of the order of 30%, 20%, 50%, and 80% for Zn, Cd, Pb, and Cu in the surface soil for all sites, but these proportions decreased with soil depth. In the surface soil less than 20% of all the elements were extracted in the residual fraction, but the proportions associated with this fraction generally increased with soil depth. In the C-horizon, differences in extracted proportions of Pb and Cu in the residual fraction were probably due to geochemical factors, whereas for Zn the low extracted proportion at a highly contaminated site (20%) may be due to Zn migration to the C-horizon at this site. For Cd the extracted proportions in the C-horizon were lower than for the other elements, generally below 20%, presumably because Cd is weaker in terms of its adsorption to the soil than the other elements studied. Total concentrations of the metals decreased strongly with increasing distance from the smelter, but less systematic differences were observed for their distributions among fractions. Potentially bioavailable metal proportions (exchangeable þ ''carbonate''-bound fraction) in the surface soil were about 50%, 60%, 20%, and 10% for Zn, Cd, Pb, and Cu, respectively. In C-horizon soil the mobility sequence Cd4Zn!Pb ¼ Cu was generally observed. The present results indicate that the concentrations and chemical fractionation of Zn, Pb, and Cd in these soils represent a considerable risk to natural terrestrial food chains.

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Section: Site Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Partitioning of Zn, Cd, Pb, and Cu in organic-rich soil profiles in the vicinity of a zinc smelter

Svendsen

Steinnes

Blom

2011

Chemical Speciation & Bioavailability

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“…Moreover, the concern for heavy metals in soils is directly related to their interactions within all the systems through the food chain; soil heavy metals composition may influence uptake by plants, which consequently determines that of animals and humans [5][6][7]. Previous researchers have reported heavy metal pollution in soils from the vicinity of industrial areas with peculiar feature of decrease in concentration with increase in distance from industrial sites [8][9][10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Topsoil Contamination by Heavy Metals from a Local Brass Industrial Area of Nigeria

Iyaka¹,

Kakulu²

2012

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and 181± 201µPbg -1 , when compared to 5.4±1.2µgCug -1 , 12±3.2µgZng -1 and not detectable value for Pb from the control soils. Hence, this study has helped to create the public awareness with regard to the risk of the adverse health effects that could possibly arise from the environmental pollution by heavy metals, particularly with regard to Pb in soils and the consequent need for immediate remediation of the studied area.

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“…The variation of the correlations is not entirely unexpected. In fact, the specific chemical properties of each metal are different under same soil conditions, which also vary in time and space (Adriano, 2001;Svendsen et al, 2007). Therefore, the relationships between the surface and the subsurface levels should also be different for each metal.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring the Relationship between Surface and Subsurface Soil Concentrations of Heavy Metals using Geographically Weighted Regression

Deschenes

Setton

Demers

et al. 2013

E3S Web of Conferences

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Abstract. Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR)is used to analyze the spatial variability of the relationship between the surface and the subsurface (b horizon) soil metal concentration. We used publiclyavailable soil samples from provincial government websites in Canada. The correlation between the log of concentration levels of the two layers are 0.51 for As, 0.40 for Cd, 0.33 for Cr, 0.52 for Co, 0.38 for Ni, and 0.23 for Pb. Although the correlation results show that the two layers seem to be related, the GWR analysis suggests that other factors might play important role in predicting the surface soil concentration of these metals. For example, only arsenic (R 2 =0.34) shows no spatial autocorrelation in the residuals. This study proposes that factors (natural and anthropogenic) other than the subsurface concentration itself are controlling the concentration surface levels for all the studied metals in this dataset.

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Vertical and Horizontal Distributions of Zn, Cd, Pb, Cu, and Hg in Uncultivated Soil in the Vicinity of a Zinc Smelter at Odda, Norway

Cited by 30 publications

References 18 publications

Partitioning of Zn, Cd, Pb, and Cu in organic-rich soil profiles in the vicinity of a zinc smelter

Partitioning of Zn, Cd, Pb, and Cu in organic-rich soil profiles in the vicinity of a zinc smelter

Topsoil Contamination by Heavy Metals from a Local Brass Industrial Area of Nigeria

Exploring the Relationship between Surface and Subsurface Soil Concentrations of Heavy Metals using Geographically Weighted Regression

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