Vertical and radial emission profiles and ion-atom intensity ratios in inductively coupled plasmas: the connection to vaporizing droplets

Fister, Julius C.; Olesik, John W.

doi:10.1016/0584-8547(91)80087-j

Cited by 72 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…The difference in the profile shapes between Se and Mn was a result of the excitation energy difference between these two transitions. It has been shown that excitation temperatures can peak off-axis from the central channel in regions between the normal analyti cal zone and the fi reball within the load coil [6,[27][28][29][30]. The asymmetry in the observed profi les in Fig.…”

Section: Radial Emission Profilesmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…It was not clear if the observed differences in precision were related to line character. Nonetheless, it was likely that the dominant ·source of the noise for these signals originated in the fluctuations occurring in the generation and transport of sample aerosol [21,30]. At an integration time of 10 s, the processes sampled were very slow by comparison to the millisecond transit times of sample particles in the torch.…”

Section: Analytical Precisionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Performance evaluation of an axially viewed horizontal inductively coupled plasma for optical emission spectrometry

Ivaldi

Tyson²

1995

Spectrochimica Acta Part B: Atomic Spectroscopy

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A performance evaluation of a horizontal axially viewed inductively coupled plasma (ICP) for optical emission spectrometry is presented. The main contribution of this work is the elucidation of the sources of analytical performance differences using practical diagnostics in the comparison of axial and conven tional radial viewing of the ICP. Figures of merit such as detection limit, background equivalent concen tration, precision, and dynamic range are compared for both viewing arrangements. The detection limit improvements, with axial viewing, known from previous work in the literature, are shown to be understood in the context of the signal-to-background-ratio relative-standard-deviation-of-the-background (SBR RSDB) theory. The usefulness of the SBR-RSDB approach as a diagnostic tool for understanding the detection limit improvement and identifying performance differences is demonstrated. This approach can be further utilized for quality control and quality assurance of instrument performance and detection limit results. Other characteristic differences between axial and radial viewing are presented including matrix effects on line signals and the magnitudes of spectral interferences from OH bands. An overall improve ment factor of five in detection power was observed when using axial viewing compared with radial view ing.

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Section: Radial Emission Profilesmentioning

confidence: 87%

Section: Analytical Precisionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance evaluation of an axially viewed horizontal inductively coupled plasma for optical emission spectrometry

Ivaldi

Tyson²

1995

Spectrochimica Acta Part B: Atomic Spectroscopy

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“…A possible explanation for the observed effects involves consideration of the fact that the sample is introduced to the ICP as a suspension of liquid aerosol droplets [31][32][33][34]. Fluctuations in the aerosol density give rise to the multiplicative flicker noise observed in the signals [l,3,31-33].…”

Section: '1 '---------'----'---"---------'----'--mentioning

confidence: 99%

Real-time internal standardization with an axially-viewed inductively coupled plasma for optical emission spectrometry

Ivaldi

Tyson²

1996

Spectrochimica Acta Part B: Atomic Spectroscopy

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“…Solutions containing > 5% acid result in substantial erosion of the cone surface and the geometry of the aperture itself. This in itself is interesting since it suggests that acid droplets are not totally atomized during their passage through the plasma torus, a process studied recently by Olesik and coworkers [68]. They demonstrated that incomplete desolvated droplets resulted in large changes in the emission intensity of Ca I.…”

Section: Salt and Acid Concentrationmentioning

confidence: 94%

Geoanalysis using plasma spectrochemistry ? milestones and future prospects

Brenner

Zander

1996

Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry

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Highlights of plasma spectrochemistry in geoanalysis are reviewed. The techniques are evaluated in terms of recent instrumental developments, calibration strategies, spectral and matrix interferences and analytical performance. While acid decomposition results in solutions containing low salt contents, this decomposition strategy is inappropriate for numerous sample types due to poor recoveries. On the other hand, alkali fusions result in total decomposition, but solutions containing high salt contents constrain the accuracy due to interference effects in the inductively coupled plasma (ICP), the sample introduction system, and in the quadrupole mass spectrometer interface. Therefore, practical limits of determination are evaluated in terms of salt tolerances. It is concluded that ICP-atomic emission spectrometry (AES) is employed mainly for the accurate determination of the major and minor elements and the more abundant trace elements. On the other hand, ICP-mass spectrometry (MS) is used mainly for the determination of trace elements and together with the possibility of obtaining some isotopic information, it profoundly enhances the capability for solving geochemical problems. Several methods of direct solid sample introduction are described. These include direct current (DC) arc emission spectroscopy (DC-AES), slurry nebulization (SN), spark ablation (SA), laser ablation (LA) and glow discharges (GD). These devices allow direct solid analysis of bulk samples, single minerals and inclusions.

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Vertical and radial emission profiles and ion-atom intensity ratios in inductively coupled plasmas: the connection to vaporizing droplets

Cited by 72 publications

References 19 publications

Performance evaluation of an axially viewed horizontal inductively coupled plasma for optical emission spectrometry

Performance evaluation of an axially viewed horizontal inductively coupled plasma for optical emission spectrometry

Real-time internal standardization with an axially-viewed inductively coupled plasma for optical emission spectrometry

Geoanalysis using plasma spectrochemistry ? milestones and future prospects

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