Vertical CO2 Release Experiments from a 1 Liter High Pressure Vessel

Experimental study of accidental leakage behaviour of liquid CO2 under shipping conditions

“…Unlike medium pressure releases, the combination of flow profile through the pipe as well as the quantity and size of solid particles formed during the discharge of the flow does not imply prolonged blockages, demonstrating that the effect of solid formation is considerably more modest under these conditions. As highlighted in several studies [30,32,33] orifice size has an effect on the depressurisation behaviour of CO2 under pipeline conditions. This study demonstrates that selection of orifice size can have a profound impact on the discharge under shipping conditions too.…”

“…Work from Hébrard et al [29] focused on releases of 300 kg CO2 from a 5 m long pipeline with 50 mm internal diameter at high-pressure dense phase of approximately 5 MPa conditions; the authors found that full-bore releases result in a build-up of liquid outflow in the first transient stage, followed by a stable release and a second transient stage; following the phase transition in the section, vapour release is accompanied by a significant reduction in outflow, with the vessel dropping below the triple point and forming dry-ice in the last stage. Hulsbosch-Dam et al [30] performed vertical liquid CO2 releases from a 1 L vessel at different pressures (6 -18 MPa) and varying nozzle sizes -6.4 and 12.7 mm -and found that initial pressure has a limited impact on duration of the release, with nozzle diameter exerting a larger influence. The authors highlighted that the vertical orientation of the leakage nozzle could have an impact on the amount of liquid CO2 pushed through the opening and thus the speed of the exit jet.…”