Vertical distribution of a harmful red-tide dinoflagellate, Karenia mikimotoi, at the decline stage of blooms

Shikata, Tomoyuki; Kitatsuji, Saho; Abe, Kazuo; Onitsuka, Goh; Matsubara, Terutake; Nakayama, Natsuki; Yuasa, Kei; Nishiyama, Yoshitaka; Mizuno, K.; Masuda, Takeshi; Nagai, Kiyohito

doi:10.1016/j.seares.2020.101960

Cited by 8 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…The living strategy of phytoplankton may also need to be take into consideration. The inhibitory effect of SPM may be alleviated for some phytoplankton species which show clear diurnal vertical migration (Kamykowski et al, 1998;Shikata et al, 2020), although A. carterae in this present study does not exhibit the ability of vertical migrate (Eggersdorfer and Hader, 1991;Kamykowski et al, 1998).…”

Section: Limitations Of This Workcontrasting

confidence: 56%

The Effects of Suspended Particulate Matter, Nutrient, and Salinity on the Growth of Amphidinium carterae Under Estuary Environmental Conditions

Jiang

Tong

et al. 2021

Front. Mar. Sci.

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The environmental conditions in estuaries display distinct variability along the river-ocean mixing continuum from turbid, eutrophic freshwater to clear, oligotrophic offshore oceanic water. In order to understand the effects of suspended particulate matter (SPM), nutrient, and salinity on phytoplankton growth, this study investigated the response of a harmful dinoflagellate (Amphidinium carterae Hulburt) to the ecological gradients in estuary environments. Rapid nutrient uptake and growth of A. carterae were detected in the nutrient-rich clear water, while nutrient concentration had little impact on the cellular chlorophyll a (Chl-a) content at the stationary phase. Light attenuation caused by SPM not only inhibited the specific growth rate of A. carterae but also prolonged its adaption period in turbid water, resulting in a delayed and weakened growth response. The elevated cellular Chl-a content under high SPM conditions resulting from photo-acclimation led to the decoupling of cell density and Chl-a concentration, indicating that Chl-a is not a reliable indicator for phytoplankton abundance in turbid environments. The combined effect of SPM and nutrient on specific growth rate of A. carterae can be explained by the comparative effect model, while the multiplicative effect model better predicted their interactive effect on the growth inhibitory rate (GIR). There is a transit of dominant limiting factor for phytoplankton growth along the salinity gradient in estuary environments. Salinity (for marine phytoplankton cannot survive under low salinity condition) and SPM are the dominant limiting factors at low salinities in nearshore turbid environments, while nutrient depletion exerts the dominant inhibitory effect in high salinity offshore water. Depending on the balance between enhancing nutrient limitation and reducing light limitation with increasing salinity, blooms most likely occur in the “optimal growth region” at intermediate salinities where light and nutrient are both suitable for phytoplankton growth.

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Section: Limitations Of This Workcontrasting

confidence: 56%

The Effects of Suspended Particulate Matter, Nutrient, and Salinity on the Growth of Amphidinium carterae Under Estuary Environmental Conditions

Jiang

Tong

et al. 2021

Front. Mar. Sci.

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“…There were no signs of daily vertical migration (DVM) in the Karenia population during the 24 h observations. Previous studies with K. brevis [ 41 ] and K. mikimotoi [ 72 ] have shown that during the day, Karenia cells aggregate at the surface, forming dense brown patches, and disperse downward throughout the water column at night. It has been suggested that the interaction between this swimming behaviour and local hydrographic characteristics facilitates the aggregation of K. brevis cells at certain depths for specific processes [ 41 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Unprecedented Bloom of Oceanic Dinoflagellates (Karenia spp.) Inside a Fjord within a Highly Dynamic Multifrontal Ecosystem in Chilean Patagonia

Baldrich,

Díaz,

Rosales

et al. 2024

Toxins

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At the end of summer 2020, a moderate (~105 cells L−1) bloom of potential fish-killing Karenia spp. was detected in samples from a 24 h study focused on Dinophysis spp. in the outer reaches of the Pitipalena-Añihue Marine Protected Area. Previous Karenia events with devastating effects on caged salmon and the wild fauna of Chilean Patagonia had been restricted to offshore waters, eventually reaching the southern coasts of Chiloé Island through the channel connecting the Chiloé Inland Sea to the Pacific Ocean. This event occurred at the onset of the COVID-19 lockdown when monitoring activities were slackened. A few salmon mortalities were related to other fish-killing species (e.g., Margalefidinium polykrikoides). As in the major Karenia event in 1999, the austral summer of 2020 was characterised by negative anomalies in rainfall and river outflow and a severe drought in March. Karenia spp. appeared to have been advected in a warm (14–15 °C) surface layer of estuarine saline water (S > 21). A lack of daily vertical migration patterns and cells dispersed through the whole water column suggested a declining population. Satellite images confirmed the decline, but gave evidence of dynamic multifrontal patterns of temperature and chl a distribution. A conceptual circulation model is proposed to explain the hypothetical retention of the Karenia bloom by a coastally generated eddy coupled with the semidiurnal tides at the mouth of Pitipalena Fjord. Thermal fronts generated by (topographically induced) upwelling around the Tic Toc Seamount are proposed as hot spots for the accumulation of swimming dinoflagellates in summer in the southern Chiloé Inland Sea. The results here provide helpful information on the environmental conditions and water column structure favouring Karenia occurrence. Thermohaline properties in the surface layer in summer can be used to develop a risk index (positive if the EFW layer is thin or absent).

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“…3). The vertical migration speed applied here is sufficient to create the bloom intensity in shallow regions, although algal cells might adjust their swimming behaviors based on phototaxis, geotaxis, temperature, turbulence intensity, stratification, internal biochemical state, chain length, life-cycle stage, and so on (Heaney and Eppley 1981;Park et al 2001;Erga et al 2015;Henrichs et al 2015;Lovecchio et al 2019;Brosnahan et al 2020;Shikata et al 2020;Lim et al 2022). More field observations and laboratory experiments are expected to better constrain the DVMs of M. polykrikoides.…”

Section: Effects Of Dvmsmentioning

confidence: 90%

Biophysical interactions control the progression of harmful algal blooms in Chesapeake Bay: A novel Lagrangian particle tracking model with mixotrophic growth and vertical migration

Xiong

Shen

Qin

et al. 2023

Limnol Oceanogr Letters

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Climate change and nutrient pollution contribute to the expanding global footprint of harmful algal blooms. To better predict their spatial distributions and disentangle biophysical controls, a novel Lagrangian particle tracking and biological (LPT‐Bio) model was developed with a high‐resolution numerical model and remote sensing. The LPT‐Bio model integrates the advantages of Lagrangian and Eulerian approaches by explicitly simulating algal bloom dynamics, algal biomass change, and diel vertical migrations along predicted trajectories. The model successfully captured the intensity and extent of the 2020 Margalefidinium polykrikoides bloom in the lower Chesapeake Bay and resolved fine‐scale structures of bloom patchiness, demonstrating a reliable prediction skill for 7–10 d. The fully coupled LPT‐Bio model initialized/calibrated by remote sensing and controlled by ambient environmental conditions appeared to be a powerful approach to predicting transport pathways, identifying bloom hotspots, resolving concentration variations at subgrid scales, and investigating responses of HABs to changing environmental conditions and human interference.

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Vertical distribution of a harmful red-tide dinoflagellate, Karenia mikimotoi, at the decline stage of blooms

Cited by 8 publications

References 54 publications

The Effects of Suspended Particulate Matter, Nutrient, and Salinity on the Growth of Amphidinium carterae Under Estuary Environmental Conditions

The Effects of Suspended Particulate Matter, Nutrient, and Salinity on the Growth of Amphidinium carterae Under Estuary Environmental Conditions

An Unprecedented Bloom of Oceanic Dinoflagellates (Karenia spp.) Inside a Fjord within a Highly Dynamic Multifrontal Ecosystem in Chilean Patagonia

Biophysical interactions control the progression of harmful algal blooms in Chesapeake Bay: A novel Lagrangian particle tracking model with mixotrophic growth and vertical migration

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