Vertical distribution of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi under corn ( Zea mays L.) in no-till and conventional tillage systems

Kabir, Z.; O’Halloran, I. P.; Widden, Paul; Hamel, Chantal

doi:10.1007/s005720050211

Cited by 72 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Grain nutrient analysis would be required to completely analyse the effect of mycorrhizal association. The negative effect of tillage on colonisation by VAM fungi is consistent with other studies (Gavito and Miller 1998;Kabir et al 1998). However, most of these studies have been conducted on corn, an obligate mycorrhizal species.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Method and time of alfalfa termination affects cereal growth and weed populations

Moyer¹,

Clapperton²,

Boswall³

2003

Can. J. Plant Sci.

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. 2003. Method and time of alfalfa termination affects cereal growth and weed populations. Can. J. Plant Sci. 83: 969-976. Experiments were established on irrigated land at Lethbridge, Alberta, to determine the effect of timing and method of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) termination on weed abundance, soil moisture and N content, cereal yield and colonization of roots by vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizal (VAM) fungi. Alfalfa growth was terminated using no, minimum, and conventional tillage in either late summer, early fall, or spring. Herbicide was applied or tillage was used to control volunteer alfalfa, dandelion (Taraxacum officinale Weber), stinkweed (Thlaspi arvense L.), and kochia [Kochia scoparia (L.) Schrader] before seeding cereals. Dandelion and volunteer alfalfa density tended to be greatest after no-tillage treatments, and poor in-crop alfalfa control likely reduced cereal yields in no-tillage plots. In contrast, the major in-crop broadleaf weed, redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus L.), was most dense (7 plants m -2 ) in tilled plots. Both wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) yields were reduced 9 to 12% after alfalfa termination with no-tillage treatments compared with minimum or conventional tillage. In spring, after seeding, available soil N content averaged 138, 101 and 79 kg ha -1 for conventional-, minimum-and no-tillage plots, respectively; however, fall no-tillage treatments seemed to supply sufficient N for wheat and barley. Soil moisture content tended to be similar after all termination treatments. Wheat and barley responded differently to time and method of termination in terms of seedling root length and colonization by VAM fungi. The percentage of root colonized by VAM fungi was greater on both barley and wheat in no-tillage compared to cultivated treatments. It may be possible to have similar wheat and barley yields after no tillage and tilled alfalfa termination if no-tillage termination is initiated in fall and effective incrop herbicides are used for volunteer alfalfa and dandelion control. ) pourraient avoir sur la prolifération des adventices, la teneur en eau et en N du sol, le rendement céréalier et la colonisation des racines par les mycorhizes vésiculaires à arbuscules (MVA). On a mis fin à la culture de luzerne par non-travail du sol, travail minimal et travail ordinaire à la fin de l'été, au début de l'automne ou au printemps. Pour empêcher la repousse de la luzerne et lutter contre le pissenlit (Taraxacum officinale Weber), le tabouret des champs (Thlaspi arvense L.) et la kochie (Kochia scoparia (L.) Schrader), les auteurs ont retourné le sol ou épandu un herbicide avant de semer les céréales. Les peuplements de pissenlit et les repousses spontanées ont tendance à être plus denses quand le sol n'est pas travaillé et une piètre lutte contre les mauvaises herbes dans la culture de luzerne explique sans doute la baisse du rendement céréalier observée sur les parcelles non travaillées. À titre de comparaison, l'amarante réfléchie (Amaranthus retroflex...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Method and time of alfalfa termination affects cereal growth and weed populations

Moyer¹,

Clapperton²,

Boswall³

2003

Can. J. Plant Sci.

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“…Kabir et al (1998) examined the seasonal changes of intraradical and extraradical AM hyphae in agricultural soil over a growing period. Abundance of AM hyphae fluctuated significantly within a growing season, with the lowest ERH densities found in the spring.…”

Section: Root Structure and Function: Arbuscular Mycorrhizaementioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Elevated Co2 on Root Function and Soil Respiration in a Mojave Desert Ecosystem

Nowak¹

2007

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SUMMARYKey results from our research on responses of plants to elevated atmospheric CO 2 at the Nevada Desert FACE Facility (NDFF) and under controlled environment conditions include: Root Structure and FunctionMeasurements of root physiological characteristics and of arbuscular mycorrhizae indicate that:• Root respiration rates of two Mojave Desert shrubs, Ambrosia dumosa and Larrea tridentata, at the Nevada Desert FACE Facility (NDFF) over five growing seasons and L. tridentata seedlings in a greenhouse experiment were not significantly affected by elevated CO 2 .• The combination of elevated CO 2 and phosphorus reduction in greenhouse studies did not affect root growth or activity.• Specific root length was not significantly affected by CO 2 .• Extraradical hyphae (ERH) of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) varied seasonally, with ERH significantly lower at the end of the year. However, percent root colonization was not affected by sample date. These seasonal patterns of AMF are likely due to greater shrub demands for nutrients early in the year rather than changes in soil moisture.• AMF root colonization or ERH did not vary among soils beneath two shrubs, Ambrosia dumosa and Larrea tridentata, and their associated interspaces.• Beneath L. tridentata, immunoreactive glomalin related soil protein (IRSP) concentrations were significantly greater than all other microsites, and IRSP declined significantly over the year in L. tridentata soils. Significantly higher IRSP concentrations in the spring under L. tridentata may be due to turnover of residual ERH produced in the preceding wet year.• AMF root colonization, ERH lengths, and IRSP concentrations were not different between CO 2 treatments after 9 years of CO 2 treatment for samples collected in the spring and fall from three microsites: beneath Larrea tridentata and Ambrosia dumosa canopies and within shrub interspaces. Thus, our results from both the greenhouse and field experiment suggest that root systems of these species have not altered carbon use for respiration processes on a root length basis, nor have they grown in size to compensate for any nutrient limitations imposed by carbon fertilization. Furthermore, neither species showed increased allocation to arbuscular mycorrhizae under elevated CO 2 . AMF appear to explore all areas of the Mojave Desert equally even though nutrient availability varies considerably among microsites. Stimulated nitrogen cycling by other soil microbes in elevated CO 2 plots may eliminate the need for greater production of AMF by increasing nutrient availability in this system. Root GrowthMinirhizotron measurements of root growth reveal that:• Fine roots accumulate over long time periods in the Mojave Desert.• Elevated CO 2 had transitory effects on the accumulation of fine roots, where standing crop of fine roots accumulated to a larger extent under elevated CO 2 for up to 5 months. 1• The transitory greater accumulation of fine roots under elevated CO 2 was primarily due to lower rates of root loss through time.• After a we...

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“…The soil-tillage-induced shift of the mycorrhizal community structure may have consequences for their functioning, as AMF functional traits differ considerably among and within species (Raju et al 1990, McGonigle et al 2003. A prevalent characteristic of no-till AMF communities is that they produce more extraradical hyphae (Kabir et al 1997, Kabir et al 1998b, Curaqueo et al 2011 and usually colonize the roots of their host plants to a greater extent than those AMF exposed to soil disturbance (Miller et al 1995, McGonigle and Miller 1996, Galvez et al 2001.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Agricultural practices indirectly influence plant productivity and ecosystem services through effects on soil biota

Köhl

Oehl

Heijden

2014

Ecological Applications

122

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Abstract. It is well established that agricultural practices alter the composition and diversity of soil microbial communities. However, the impact of changing soil microbial communities on the functioning of the agroecosystems is still poorly understood. Earlier work showed that soil tillage drastically altered microbial community composition. Here we tested, using an experimental grassland (Lolium, Trifolium, Plantago) as a model system, whether soil microbial communities from conventionally tilled (CT) and non-tilled (NT) soils have different influences on plant productivity and nutrient acquisition. We specifically focus on arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), as they are a group of beneficial soil fungi that can promote plant productivity and ecosystem functioning and are also strongly affected by tillage management.Soil microbial communities from CT and NT soils varied greatly in their effects on the grassland communities. Communities from CT soil increased overall biomass production more than soil communities from NT soil. This effect was mainly due to a significant growth promotion of Trifolium by CT microorganisms. In contrast to CT soil inoculum, NT soil inoculum increased plant phosphorus concentration and total plant P content, demonstrating that the soil microbial communities from NT fields enhance P uptake. Differences in AM fungal community composition resulting, for instance, in twofold greater hyphal length in NT soil communities when compared to CT, are the most likely explanation for the different plant responses to CT and NT soil inocula.A range of field studies have shown that plant P uptake increases when farmers change to conservation tillage or direct seeding. Our results indicate that this enhanced P uptake results from enhanced hyphal length and an altered AM fungal community. Our results further demonstrate that agricultural management practices indirectly influence ecosystem services and plant community structure through effects on soil biota.

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Vertical distribution of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi under corn ( Zea mays L.) in no-till and conventional tillage systems

Cited by 72 publications

References 15 publications

Method and time of alfalfa termination affects cereal growth and weed populations

Method and time of alfalfa termination affects cereal growth and weed populations

Effects of Elevated Co2 on Root Function and Soil Respiration in a Mojave Desert Ecosystem

Agricultural practices indirectly influence plant productivity and ecosystem services through effects on soil biota

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