Vertical Distribution of Nitrogen in Different Layers of Leaf and Stem and Their Relationship with Grain Quality of Winter Wheat

Wang, Zhijie; Wang, Jihua; Zhao, Chunjiang; Zhao, Ming; Huang, Wenjiang; Wang, Changzuo

doi:10.1081/pln-200042175

Cited by 55 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…The finding of uneven distribution of N within the canopy is consistent with other reports in the literature (Dreccer et al. 2000, Wang et al. 2005).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Yield Formation and Plant Metabolism of Spring Barley in Response to Locally Injected Ammonium

Schittenhelm¹,

Menge-Hartmann²

2006

J Agronomy Crop Science

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This study was conducted to elucidate the crop physiological basis for yield differences frequently observed in experiments comparing top-dressing of N fertilizers with injection of ammonium or ammonium/urea solutions into the soil. The effects of diammonium phosphate injected at the two-leaf stage, calcium nitrate (NO 3 -N) broadcasted and incorporated before sowing, and a control without N fertilization (-N) were assessed from measurements of growth, N-uptake and N-partitioning, light interception, gas exchange, leaf anatomy and the activity of key enzymes of N-metabolism. The experiment was performed with spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) grown in 80-l containers in a vegetation hall in Braunschweig, Germany. The plants in the NH 4 -N treatment produced a 20 % higher grain yield than those in the NO 3 -N treatment. The grain yield superiority of the NH 4 -N plants was attributable to a higher number of ears per plant (+13 %) and more grains per ear (+6 %). The NH 4 -N plants exhibited lower concentrations of inorganic cations than plants supplied with NO 3 -N. In the NH 4 -N treatment, the light penetrated more deeply into the crop canopy and the NH 4 -N plants exhibited a higher leaf carbon exchange rate at the different leaf layers than the NO 3 -N plants. It is concluded that as opposed to predominantly nitrate nutrition, provision of a persistent source of ammonium enables plants to take advantage of the positive yield effect of mixed N nutrition.

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“…The finding of uneven distribution of N within the canopy is consistent with other reports in the literature (Dreccer et al. 2000, Wang et al. 2005).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Yield Formation and Plant Metabolism of Spring Barley in Response to Locally Injected Ammonium

Schittenhelm¹,

Menge-Hartmann²

2006

J Agronomy Crop Science

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“…Our results indicate that NCs in the leaves of the reed canopy first increase and then decrease from L1 to L5, with the highest NC appearing in L3. Such a pattern was consistent with the previous studies of Wang et al [44] and Li et al [45], which suggested that the NC of wheat and maize canopies first increased and then decreased, with the highest values found in the middle layer. Optimization theory suggested that plants should tend to allocate nitrogen according to the light distribution pattern within the canopy, which means the upper leaves with better light conditions should accumulate more nitrogen than the lower shaded leaves, aiding in the effort to maximize total canopy photosynthesis [19,20].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Estimating the Total Nitrogen Concentration of Reed Canopy with Hyperspectral Measurements Considering a Non-Uniform Vertical Nitrogen Distribution

Luo

Feng

et al. 2016

Remote Sensing

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Abstract:The total nitrogen concentration (NC, g/100 g) of wetland plants is an important parameter to estimate the wetland health status and to calculate the nitrogen storage of wetland plants. Remote sensing has been widely used to estimate biophysical, physiological, and biochemical parameters of plants. However, current studies place little emphasis on NC estimations by only taking nitrogen's vertical distribution into consideration, resulting in limited accuracy and decreased practical value of the results. The main goal of this study is to develop a model, considering a non-uniform vertical nitrogen distribution to estimate the total NC of the reed canopy, which is one of the wetland's dominant species, using hyperspectral data. Sixty quadrats were selected and measured based on an experimental design that considered vertical layer divisions within the reed canopy. Using the measured NCs of different leaf layers and corresponding spectra from the quadrats, the results indicated that the vertical distribution law of the NC was distinct, presenting an initial increase and subsequent decrease from the top layer to the bottom layer. The spectral indices MCARI/MTVI2, TCARI/OSAVI, MMTCI, DCNI, and PPR/NDVI had high R 2 values when related to NC (R 2 > 0.5) and low R 2 when related to LAI (R 2 < 0.2) and could minimize the influence of LAI and increase the sensitivity to changes in NC of the reed canopy. The relative variation rates (R v , %) of these spectral indices, calculated from each quadrat, also indicated that the top three layers of the reed canopy were an effective depth to estimate NCs using hyperspectral data. A model was developed to estimate the total NC of the whole reed canopy based on PPR/DNVI with R 2 = 0.88 and RMSE = 0.37%. The model, which considered the vertical distribution patterns of the NC and the effective canopy layers, has demonstrated great potential to estimate the total NC of the whole reed canopy.

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“…The efficiency of N translocation from the lower to the upper leaves may increase with the steepness of the N gradient, with only a negligible effect on canopy carbon gain integrated over the whole grain-filling period. This hypothesis is consistent with experimental studies based on a range of genotypes showing that, at a given grain yield level, grain protein concentration is positively related to the efficiency of N translocation either from the lower to the upper leaves (Wang et al, 2005) or from the leaves to the grains (Monaghan et al, 2001;Jukanti and Fischer, 2008). Only a few studies have investigated the intraspecific variability of the light-N relationship at the intraspecific level Bindraban, 1999;Bertheloot et al, 2008;van Oosterom et al, 2010).…”

supporting

confidence: 51%

Acclimation of Leaf Nitrogen to Vertical Light Gradient at Anthesis in Wheat Is a Whole-Plant Process That Scales with the Size of the Canopy

et al. 2012

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Vertical leaf nitrogen (N) gradient within a canopy is classically considered as a key adaptation to the local light environment that would tend to maximize canopy photosynthesis. We studied the vertical leaf N gradient with respect to the light gradient for wheat (Triticum aestivum) canopies with the aims of quantifying its modulation by crop N status and genetic variability and analyzing its ecophysiological determinants. The vertical distribution of leaf N and light was analyzed at anthesis for 16 cultivars grown in the field in two consecutive seasons under two levels of N. The N extinction coefficient with respect to light (b) varied with N supply and cultivar. Interestingly, a scaling relationship was observed between b and the size of the canopy for all the cultivars in the different environmental conditions. The scaling coefficient of the b-green area index relationship differed among cultivars, suggesting that cultivars could be more or less adapted to low-productivity environments. We conclude that the acclimation of the leaf N gradient to the light gradient is a whole-plant process that depends on canopy size. This study demonstrates that modeling leaf N distribution and canopy expansion based on the assumption that leaf N distribution parallels that of the light is inappropriate. We provide a robust relationship accounting for vertical leaf N gradient with respect to vertical light gradient as a function of canopy size.

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Vertical Distribution of Nitrogen in Different Layers of Leaf and Stem and Their Relationship with Grain Quality of Winter Wheat

Cited by 55 publications

References 45 publications

Yield Formation and Plant Metabolism of Spring Barley in Response to Locally Injected Ammonium

Yield Formation and Plant Metabolism of Spring Barley in Response to Locally Injected Ammonium

Estimating the Total Nitrogen Concentration of Reed Canopy with Hyperspectral Measurements Considering a Non-Uniform Vertical Nitrogen Distribution

Acclimation of Leaf Nitrogen to Vertical Light Gradient at Anthesis in Wheat Is a Whole-Plant Process That Scales with the Size of the Canopy

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