Vertical flux of respiratory carbon by oceanic diel migrant biota

Longhurst, Alan R.; Bedo, A.; Harrison, W. G.; Head, Erica J. H.; Sameoto, D. D.

doi:10.1016/0198-0149(90)90098-g

Cited by 254 publications

(144 citation statements)

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“…These data do not show any indication of increased hydrostatic pressure acting to stimulate the metabolic rates to compensate for the decline in temperature with increased depth as has been suggested for a few species (Teal 197 1;George 198 1). Thus, the suggestion that the metabolic rates of deeper living zooplankton in general may be higher than previously measured at surface pressure (Longhurst et al 1990) appears unfounded and need not be taken into consideration in estimating in situ community metabolic rates at greater depths.…”

Section: Acknowledgmentsmentioning

confidence: 92%

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Effects of hydrostatic pressure on metabolic rates of six species of deep‐sea gelatinous zooplankton

Childress

Thuesen

1993

Limnology & Oceanography

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This study addresses the effect of hydrostatic pressure on the metabolic rates of six species of deep‐living (∼500–1,500‐m typical depths) gelatinous zooplankton (three chaetognaths, two hydromedusans, and one polychaete). Metabolic rates were measured at 5°C and the hydrostatic pressure equivalent to that at either 0‐(0.101 MPa) or 1,000‐m depth (10.1 MPa). O2 consumption rate vs. wet weight relationships at the two pressures were compared by ANCOVA for each species separately. Five of the species studied (the chaetognaths and medusans) showed no significant difference in slope or elevation in these relationships, indicating there was no significant effect of hydrostatic pressure on the metabolic rates of these species under the experimental conditions. The metabolic rate relationships of the sixth species, Poeobius meseres, were significantly different in slope, but the lines intersected within the weight range studied so the metabolic rates were not different overall. These data support the validity of measuring the metabolic rates of such species at surface pressures and indicate that metabolic rates of deeper living gelatinous species are relatively insensitive to hydrostatic pressure.

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Section: Acknowledgmentsmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…The possibility of such metabolic responses to pressure introduces considerable uncertainty into estimates of in situ community metabolic rates that are used in estimating metabolic carbon flux at greater depths (Longhurst et al 1990).…”

Section: Acknowledgmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of hydrostatic pressure on metabolic rates of six species of deep‐sea gelatinous zooplankton

Childress

Thuesen

1993

Limnology & Oceanography

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“…Because of the lack of ontogenetic vertical migrating zooplankton (for subtropical regions, see Table 4), organic materials ingested in the surface layer, that is then defecated or assimilated (subsequently excreted as CO2) at depth by 'diel' migrating zooplankton and micronekton, are important agents of active transport of carbon vertically in the subtropical and tropical region (Longhurst et al, 1990;Dam et al, 1995;Hidaka et al, 2001;Al-Mutairi and Landry, 2001). Such active carbon flux by 'diel' vertical migrators has been estimated to be ca 20-25% for zooplankton (Dam et al, 1995;Al-Mutairi and Landry, 2001) and 28-55% for micronekton (Hidaka et al, 2001) of the passive carbon flux out of the euphotic zone.…”

Section: "Biological Pump"; An Implicationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Latitudinal Differences in the Planktonic Biomass and Community Structure Down to the Greater Depths in the Western North Pacific

Yamaguchi

Watanabe²,

Ishida³

et al. 2004

Journal of Oceanography

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As part of the research program WEST-COSMIC Phase I (1997, vertical profiles down to the greater depths (0-2000 m or 5800 m) of the plankton community structure composed of heterotrophic bacteria, phytoplankton, protozooplankton and metazooplankton were studied at one station in each subarctic (44˚N) and in transitional region (39˚N), and two stations in subtropical region (30˚N and 25˚N); all in 137-155˚E in the western North Pacific Ocean. The biomass of all four taxonomic groups decreased rapidly with increasing depths at all stations, although the magnitude of depth-related decrease differed among the groups. As plankton community structure, metazooplankiton biomass and bacterial biomass occupied >50% of the total in 0-2000 and 2000-4000 or 5000 m strata, respectively, at subarctic and transitional stations, while bacterial biomass contributed to >50% of the total consistently from 0 through 4800 or 5800 m at subtropical stations. Metazooplankton biomass integrated over the greater depths exhibited a clear latitudinal pattern (high north and low south), but this was not the case for those of the other taxonomic groups. As a component of metazooplankton, an appreciable contribution of diapausing copepods to the metazooplankton was noted at subarctic and transitional stations, but they were few or nil at subtropical stations.As protozooplankton assemblages, heterotrophic microflagellates (HMF) and dinoflagellates were two major components at subarctic and transitional stations, but were only HMF predominated at subtropical stations.From biomass ratios between heterotrophic bacteria, HMF and dinoflagellates, "sinking POC-DOC-heterotrophic bacteria-HMF-heterotrophic dinoflagellates" link was proposed as a microbial food chain operative in the deep layer of the western NorthPacific. All results are discussed in the light of latitudinal differences in the structure and functioning of plankton community contributing to the 'biological pump' in the western North Pacific Ocean.

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“…Recent interest in the metabolism of deep-sea organisms is based on a very real need to understand global carbon flux and the consequences of oceanbased global-warming mitigation strategies (Angel 1989;Longhurst et al 1990;Childress & Thuesen 1995;Seibel & Walsh 2001del Giorgio & Duarte 2002;Hernandez-Leon & Ikeda 2005;Thistle et al 2005). However, an intense inherent interest stems from an anthropocentric view of the deep ocean as a hostile environment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The rate of metabolism in marine animals: environmental constraints, ecological demands and energetic opportunities

Seibel

Drazen

2007

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

280

213

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The rates of metabolism in animals vary tremendously throughout the biosphere. The origins of this variation are a matter of active debate with some scientists highlighting the importance of anatomical or environmental constraints, while others emphasize the diversity of ecological roles that organisms play and the associated energy demands. Here, we analyse metabolic rates in diverse marine taxa, with special emphasis on patterns of metabolic rate across a depth gradient, in an effort to understand the extent and underlying causes of variation. The conclusion from this analysis is that low rates of metabolism, in the deep sea and elsewhere, do not result from resource (e.g. food or oxygen) limitation or from temperature or pressure constraint. While metabolic rates do decline strongly with depth in several important animal groups, for others metabolism in abyssal species proceeds as fast as in ecologically similar shallow-water species at equivalent temperatures. Rather, high metabolic demand follows strong selection for locomotory capacity among visual predators inhabiting well-lit oceanic waters. Relaxation of this selection where visual predation is limited provides an opportunity for reduced energy expenditure. Large-scale metabolic variation in the ocean results from interspecific differences in ecological energy demand.Keywords: metabolism; deep sea; scaling; oxygen consumption; locomotion; marine INTRODUCTIONThe rates of metabolic processes in animals vary tremendously throughout the biosphere (e.g. Bennett 1991; Seibel 2007). The origins and scope of this variation are a matter of active debate. Some emphasize geometric and environmental constraints or resource limitation as its source (e.g. Gillooly et al. 2001;Brown et al. 2004), while others emphasize the diversity of ecological roles that organisms play and the associated energy demands (Childress 1995;Suarez 1996;Reinhold 1999;Clarke 2004;Seibel 2007) as a primary driver of metabolic variation. With this in mind, the present paper addresses three seemingly simple questions: (i) what is the extent of variation in the rate of metabolism across diverse taxa and environments, (ii) what environmental and ecological demands act on organisms to drive selection for high metabolic capacity, and (iii) under what environmental circumstances might such selection be relaxed or capacity be constrained?These questions have been pursued vigorously for decades but the clarity of the debate has been diminished by the subtlety of differences in capacity between the taxa most thoroughly studied, that often

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Vertical flux of respiratory carbon by oceanic diel migrant biota

Cited by 254 publications

References 9 publications

Effects of hydrostatic pressure on metabolic rates of six species of deep‐sea gelatinous zooplankton

Effects of hydrostatic pressure on metabolic rates of six species of deep‐sea gelatinous zooplankton

Latitudinal Differences in the Planktonic Biomass and Community Structure Down to the Greater Depths in the Western North Pacific

The rate of metabolism in marine animals: environmental constraints, ecological demands and energetic opportunities

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