Vertical gradient freezing using submerged heater growth with rotation and with weak magnetic and electric fields

Fluid flow and microstructure formation in a rotating magnetic field during the directional solidification process

“…Combining Eqs. (4) and (5) with (6), the relation between the temperature raise and the tangential velocity can be expressed as…”

“…The basic effect of the fluid flow is to change the solute distribution and the heat transfer condition at the front of solid-liquid interface. Therefore, the microstructure formation of alloy can be controlled by means of changing the fluid flow [4][5][6]. Furthermore, external fields can affect the fluid flow in the solidification process.…”

Numerical simulation of double diffusive natural convection in rectangular enclosure in the presences of magnetic field and heat source

“…Yang and Ma [19] studied natural convection in a liquid encapsulated molten semiconductor with a horizontal magnetic field numerically. Recently, Wang and co-workers [20][21][22][23][24] conducted very strong series of numerical researches in different methods of crystal growth with electric and magnetic fields in alloys manufacture.…”

Nd:YVO4 crystal growth by Czochralski technique with a submerged plate

“…Bourago et al [13] examined the dopant distribution in the crystal grown by the submerged heater method under either steady or oscillatory condition. Holmes et al [14] investigated the effects of heater rotation and electromagnetic stirring on melt flow in a vertical gradient furnace with a submerged heater. Recently, Fang et al [15] introduced the submerged heater into Czochralski crystal growth to control melt inclusions in laser crystal growth.…”