Vertical gradient of climate change and climate tourism conditions in the Black Forest

Endler, Christina; Oehler, Karoline; Matzarakis, Andreas

doi:10.1007/s00484-009-0251-2

Cited by 41 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…1), it is the summer rather than the winter period that has the widest difference between air temperature and PET. This may be due to more rain, and higher fluctuations of solar radiation and other parameters in summer resulting in a different weather profile from other places in the north hemisphere, such as Germany (Endler et al 2010). As can be seen in Figs.…”

Section: Pet Assessment and Classesmentioning

confidence: 94%

Estimation of the tourism climate in the Hunter Region, Australia, in the early twenty-first century

Shiue

Matzarakis

2010

Int J Biometeorol

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Existing tourism-related climate information and evaluation are typically based on mean monthly conditions of air temperature and precipitation and do not include thermal perception and other climate parameters relevant for tourists. Here, we quantify climate based on the climate facets relevant to tourism (thermal, physical, aesthetical), and apply the results to the Climate-Tourism-Information-Scheme (CTIS). This paper presents bioclimatic and tourism climatological conditions in the Hunter Region-one of Australia's most popular tourist destinations. In the Hunter Region, generally, temperatures below 15°C occur from April through October, temperatures less than 25°C are expected throughout the whole year, while humidity sits around 50%. As expected, large differences between air temperature and physiologically equivalent temperature (PET) were clearly identified. The widest differences were seen in summer time rather than in the winter period. In addition, cold stress was observed less than 10% of the time in winter while around 40-60% of heat stress was observed in summer time. This correlates with the highest numbers of international visitors, who usually seek a warmer weather, at the beginning of summer time (November and December) and also to the number of domestic visitors, who tend to seek cooler places for recreation and leisure, in late summer (January-March). It was concluded that thermal bioclimate assessment such as PET and CTIS can be applied in the Hunter region, and that local governments and the tourism industry should take an integrated approach to providing more relevant weather and climate information for both domestic and international tourists in the near future.

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Section: Pet Assessment and Classesmentioning

confidence: 94%

Estimation of the tourism climate in the Hunter Region, Australia, in the early twenty-first century

Shiue

Matzarakis

2010

Int J Biometeorol

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“…Mean 07:00 LST relative humidity (%) Mean 14:00 LST relative humunity (%) 1 -13.8 -11.8 -13.2 -12.8 -18.5 -19.5 -18.7 -16.4 -13.3 -14.2 -14 -14.8 Mean 21:00 LST relative humidity (%) 07:00:00 PET (ºC) 8.6 9.5 8.6 8.9 8.3 9.5 8.5 7.6 7.0 7.4 7.9 8.9 8.4 14:00:00 PET (ºC) 13.1 14.2 14.3 16.1 16.3 18.8 18.9 19.0 18.6 17.9 16.6 14.4 16.5 21:00:00 PET (ºC) 10.2 11.5 11.3 12.0 11.8 13.0 12.8 12.4 11.7 10.7 10.3 10.4 11.5 Mean PET (ºC) 10.6 11.7 11.4 12.3 12.1 13.7 13.4 13.0 12.4 12.0 11.6 11.3 12.1 relative humidity, and the presence of more greenhouse gases and emissions in the atmosphere (Landsberg, 1981;Oke, 1997) Endler et. al.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of elevation on thermal bioclimatic conditions in Uludağ (Turkey)

Çalışkan¹,

Türkoğlu²,

Matzarakis³

2013

Atmósfera

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RESUMENSe comparan las condiciones térmicas bioclimáticas registradas en las estaciones meteorológicas de Bursa (100 m) y Uludağ (1878 m) a las 7:00, 14:00 y 21:00 horas de 1975 a 2006. Para ello se utiliza la temperatura fisiológica equivalente (TFE), que se calcula por medio de parámetros meteorológicos. Se analizaron y valoraron los efectos de las condiciones ambientales y atmosféricas dependientes de la altura sobre la percepción térmica (i.e., TFE). El análisis mostró que la diferencia anual media de los valores TFE en Bursa y Uludağ fue de 12 ºC. Esta diferencia fue menor en invierno (9 ºC TFE) y mayor en verano (15 ºC TFE). La mayor diferencia en los valores TFE se registró en la tarde (16 ºC TFE) y la menor en la mañana (9 ºC TFE). Las diferencias se deben a la mayor altitud y al mayor albedo debido a las nevadas. Esto ocasiona valores TFE más bajos y por lo tanto condiciones térmicas menos confortables. Los valores TFE medios para Bursa y Uludağ decrecen 0.67 ºC por cada 100 m. ABSTRACTThis study compares the thermal bioclimatic conditions recorded at Bursa (100 m) and Uludağ (1878 m) meteorological stations at 7:00, 14:00 and 21:00 LST (local standard time) between 1975 and 2006, by using the physiologically equivalent temperature (PET), which is calculated from meteorological parameters. The effects of elevation-dependent environmental and atmospheric conditions on thermal perception (i.e., PET) values were analyzed and assessed. The analysis showed that the mean annual difference between PET values in Bursa and Uludağ was 12 ºC. The difference was lower in winter (9 ºC PET) and higher in summer (15 ºC PET). The highest difference between PET values occurred in the afternoon (16 ºC PET) and the lowest difference occurred in the morning (8.4 ºC PET). The differences occur as a result of high altitude and higher surface albedo due to snowfall, which leads to lower PET values and thus to less comfortable thermal conditions. The mean PET values of Bursa and Uludağ decrease 0.67 ºC every 100 m.

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“…A frequency of 50% corresponds to an occurrence of the indicated condition during 15 days, 10% to 3 days of the considered month, etc. Considering the first row, thermal comfort occurs from April to September with an average frequency of about 40% meaning that approximately 12 days are characterized by thermal comfort (Endler et al 2010). One of the latest possibilities and tools in studying the relationship between tourism and climate, is the CTIS based on thermal, physical, and aesthetical aspects ( Fig.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of thermal comfort conditions in Ourmieh Lake, Iran

Farajzadeh

Matzarakis

2011

Theor Appl Climatol

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Research in developing countries concerning the relationship of weather and climate conditions with tourism shows a high importance not only because of financial aspects but also an important part of the region's tourism resource base. Monthly mean air temperature, relative humidity, precipitation, vapor pressure, wind velocity, and cloud cover for the period 1985-2005 data collected from four meteorological stations Tabriz, Maragheh, Orumieh, and Khoy were selected. The purpose of this study is to determine the most suitable months for human thermal comfort in Ourmieh Lake, a salt sea in the northwest of Iran. To achieve this, the cooling power and physiologically equivalent temperature (PET) calculated by the RayMan model and the Climate Tourism/Transfer Information Scheme (CTIS) were used. The results based on cooling power indicate that the most favorable period for tourism, sporting, and recreational activities in Ourmieh Lake is between June and October and based on PET between June to September. In addition, the CTIS shows a detailed quantification of the relevant climate-tourism factors.

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Vertical gradient of climate change and climate tourism conditions in the Black Forest

Cited by 41 publications

References 29 publications

Estimation of the tourism climate in the Hunter Region, Australia, in the early twenty-first century

Estimation of the tourism climate in the Hunter Region, Australia, in the early twenty-first century

The effects of elevation on thermal bioclimatic conditions in Uludağ (Turkey)

Evaluation of thermal comfort conditions in Ourmieh Lake, Iran

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