Vertical gradient of stratiform radar reflectivity below the bright band from the Tropics to the extratropical latitudes seen by GPM

Kobayashi, Kazuki; Shige, Shoichi; Yamamoto, Munehisa K.

doi:10.1002/qj.3271

Cited by 12 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 59 publications

(85 reference statements)

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“…Kobayashi et al . () analysed DPR Ku‐band VPRs below the BB and observed a significant fraction of profiles with reflectivity increasing toward the ground over the North American continent. Such behaviour was explained with raindrop size increase due to CC triggered by large‐scale upwards motion in the lower troposphere.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…We focus on the Global Precipitation Measurement mission (GPM; Hou et al, 2013) core observatory, a National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) -Japanese Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) joint mission launched in orbit around the Earth on 27 February 2014, which hosts the first space-borne Dual-frequency Precipitation Radar (DPR). Kobayashi et al (2018) analysed DPR Ku-band VPRs below the BB and observed a significant fraction of profiles with reflectivity increasing toward the ground over the North American continent. Such behaviour was explained with raindrop size increase due to CC triggered by large-scale upwards motion in the lower troposphere.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Investigating the GPM Dual‐frequency Precipitation Radar signatures of low‐level precipitation enhancement

Porcacchia

Kirstetter

Maggioni

et al. 2019

Quart J Royal Meteoro Soc

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High‐intensity precipitation represents a threat for several regions of the world because of the related risk of natural disasters (e.g. floods and landslides). This work focuses on low‐level precipitation enhancement that occurs in the cloud warm layer and has been observed in relation to collision‐coalescence (CC) leading to flash floods and extreme rainfall events in tropical and temperate latitudes. Specifically, signatures of precipitation enhancement (referred to as CC‐dominant precipitation) are investigated in the observations from the Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) core mission Dual‐frequency Precipitation Radar (DPR) over the central/eastern Contiguous United States (CONUS) during June 2014–May 2018. A classification scheme for CC‐dominant precipitation, developed for dual‐polarization S‐band radar measurements and applied in a previous work to X‐band radar observations in complex terrain, is used as a benchmark. The scheme is here applied to the GPM ground validation dataset that matches ground‐based radar observations across CONUS to space‐borne DPR retrievals. The occurrence of CC‐dominant precipitation is documented and the corresponding signatures of CC‐dominant precipitation at Ku‐ and Ka‐band are studied. CC‐dominant profiles show distinguishing features when compared to profiles not dominated by CC, e.g. characteristic vertical slopes of reflectivity at Ku‐ and Ka‐band in the liquid layer, lower freezing‐level height, and shallower ice layer, which are linked to environmental conditions driving the peculiar CC microphysics. This work aims at improving satellite quantitative precipitation estimation, particularly GPM retrievals, by targeting CC development in precipitation columns.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigating the GPM Dual‐frequency Precipitation Radar signatures of low‐level precipitation enhancement

Porcacchia

Kirstetter

Maggioni

et al. 2019

Quart J Royal Meteoro Soc

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…The DPR was included in the GPM to observe 3D structure of precipitation systems over regions where TRMM PR did not cover. For example, vertical structures were compared between tropics and extratropics (Kobayashi et al 2018), and downward increasing profiles of rain due to warm rain process were identified. The characteristics of precipitation over Alaska were investigated by Aoki and Shige (2021).…”

Section: Dpr Performancementioning

confidence: 99%

Progress from TRMM to GPM

Nakamura

2021

Journal of the Meteorological Society of Japan

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The Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) satellite was launched in 1997 and the observations continued for more than 17 years. The features of TRMM observation were as follows: (a) it followed a non-sun synchronized orbit that enabled diurnal variation of precipitation to be investigated, (b) it carried a precipitation radar and microwave and infrared radiometers, along with two instruments of opportunity in the form of a lighting sensor and a radiation budget sensor, and (c) it worked as a standard reference for precipitation measurements for other spaceborne microwave radiometers, which enabled global rain maps to be developed. For science, TRMM provided precise and accurate rain distributions over tropical and subtropical regions. The rainfall results are primarily important for the study of the precipitation climatologies, while the threedimensional images of precipitation systems enabled the study of the global characteristics of precipitation systems. Technologically, the spaceborne rain radar onboard TRMM demonstrated the effectiveness of radars in space, while the combination with other rain observation instruments showed its effectiveness as a calibration source. Multi-satellite rain maps in which TRMM was the reference standard have been developed, and they became prototypes of the multi-satellite Earth observation systems. Based on the great success of TRMM, the Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) was designed to expand TRMM's coverage to higher latitudes. The core satellite of GPM is equipped with a dual frequency precipitation radar (DPR) and a microwave radiometer. DPR consists of a Ku-band radar (KuPR) and a Ka-band radar (KaPR) and has a capability to discriminate solid from liquid precipitation. The period of the precipitation measurement with spaceborne radars extended to more than 23 years which may make it possible to detect the change of precipitation climatology related to change in the global environment. While TRMM's and GPM's accomplishments are very broad, this paper tries to highlight Japan's contributions to the science of these missions.

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“…Another possible factor for a large D m over the midlatitudes in DJF is the growth of low-level raindrop (Kobayashi et al 2018;Radhakrishna et al 2020). Kobayashi et al (2018) show the differences in reflectivity profiles for stratiform precipitation. The profiles frequently decreased from the melting level toward the surface in tropical oceans, whereas they increased in mid-and high-latitude oceans.…”

Section: Extratropical Frontal Systems Over the Mid-latitudes In Djfmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, the GPM Core Observatory has a higher orbital inclination (65°) than the TRMM (35°), and it realized the world's first precipitation observation by spaceborne PR over the mid-latitudes. Kobayashi et al (2018) examined the vertical gradient of radar reflectivity below the bright band from tropics to mid-latitudes using KuPR onboard the GPM Core Observatory. They found differences in the vertical profiles of radar reflectivity for stratiform precipitation between the tropics and mid-latitudes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

4-year Climatology of Global Drop Size Distribution and its Seasonal Variability Observed by Spaceborne Dual-frequency Precipitation Radar

Yamaji

Takahashi

Kubota

et al. 2020

Journal of the Meteorological Society of Japan

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This study investigates the global drop size distribution (DSD) of rainfall and its relationship to large-scale precipitation characteristics using the Dual-frequency Precipitation Radar (DPR) onboard the Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) Core Observatory. This study focuses on seasonal variations in the dominant precipitation systems regarding variations in DSD. A mass-weighted mean diameter (D m), which is estimated based on the dualfrequency information derived from the GPM/DPR, is statistically analyzed as a typical parameter of the DSD. Values of the annual mean D m , in general, are larger over land than over the oceans, and the relationship between D m and precipitation rate (R) is not a simple one-to-one relationship. Furthermore, D m exhibits statistically significant seasonal variations, specifically over the northwest Pacific Ocean, whereas R shows insignificant variations, indicating the variations in R cannot explain the distinct seasonal changes in D m. Focusing on the seasonal variation in D m over the northwest Pacific Ocean, the results indicate that the variation in D m is related to the seasonal change in the dominant precipitation systems. In the summer over the northwest Pacific Ocean, D m is related to the organized precipitation systems associated with the Baiu front over the mid-latitudes and tropical disturbances over the subtropical region, with relatively higher precipitation top heights, composed of both stratiform and convective precipitations. Contrary to the summer, larger D m over the mid-latitudes in winter is related to extra

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Vertical gradient of stratiform radar reflectivity below the bright band from the Tropics to the extratropical latitudes seen by GPM

Cited by 12 publications

References 59 publications

Investigating the GPM Dual‐frequency Precipitation Radar signatures of low‐level precipitation enhancement

Investigating the GPM Dual‐frequency Precipitation Radar signatures of low‐level precipitation enhancement

Progress from TRMM to GPM

4-year Climatology of Global Drop Size Distribution and its Seasonal Variability Observed by Spaceborne Dual-frequency Precipitation Radar

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