Vertical profiles of the transport fluxes of aerosol and its precursors between Beijing and its southwest cities

Hu, Qihou; Liu, Cheng; Li, Yongling; Liu, Ting; Ji, Xiangguang; Zhu, Yongnan; Xing, Chengzhi; Liu, Haoran; Tan, Wanlong; Gao, Meng

doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119988

Cited by 13 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…Notably, the movement of the plume along the latitudinal (B1–B2) cross section was slower than that of the longitudinal (A1–A2) profile, with the farthest plume of A1–A2 reaching the Yanshan Mountains while the latitudinal plume of B1–B2 had just reached the target centroid of Beijing (Figure b1,c1). This can be attributed to the stable boundary layer and the considerably higher vector wind speed in the southerly direction in contrast to the westerly component under the weak southwesterly wind (Figures S6 and S7), indicating that most of the pollutant transport to Beijing originated from the southerly air currents, which is consistent with previous studies. ,− …”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 91%

Strong Impacts of Regional Atmospheric Transport on the Vertical Distribution of Aerosol Ammonium over Beijing

Yang,

Li,

et al. 2023

Environ. Sci. Technol. Lett.

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Ammonium (NH4 +) is a significant component of fine aerosol particles (PM2.5), and its behavior in the atmosphere is crucial to air pollution. We present a novel study that analyzes the vertical distribution and temporal trends of NH4 + in the urban boundary layer of Beijing, tracking hourly concentrations throughout a complete haze episode. Our results unveil a surprising single-peak profile of NH4 + at heights of 300–700 m in the urban boundary layer with its hourly concentration reaching ∼50 μg m–3, which is 3 times higher than that at the ground level, in contrast to the conventional patterns of decreasing concentrations with height. The vertical structure is closely related to the observed escape of ammonia (NH3) or NH4 + from upwind industrial sources via elevated chimneys. The NH4 + plumes emitted through these sources are prone to transport at an altitude of 270–750 m for approximately 6 h, covering >250 km to Beijing. This study reveals that non-agricultural point emissions of NH4 + impact the vertical patterns of aerosol NH4 + in the urban boundary layer, demonstrating potential opportunities for limiting such emission sources to curb PM2.5 pollution in the North China Plain.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 91%

Strong Impacts of Regional Atmospheric Transport on the Vertical Distribution of Aerosol Ammonium over Beijing

Yang,

Li,

et al. 2023

Environ. Sci. Technol. Lett.

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“…The vertical profiles of O 3 , HCHO, and NO 2 in the lower troposphere were retrieved using a profile algorithm developed in our previous studies. ,, Briefly, the sunlight collected by MAX–DOAS at different elevation angles was first analyzed using the DOAS method based on the Lambert–Beer law, which extracts the integrated trace gas concentrations based on their characteristic absorption structures in their specific wavelength range. In this study, the QDOAS software package developed by the Royal Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy was used to analyze the collected spectrum (BIRA–IASB, Brussels, Belgium, , accessed on September 10, 2023).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Up to now, there have been few observational studies concerning FNR and O 3 formation sensitivity at different altitudes, because it is difficult to obtain the vertical profiles of O 3 and its precursors simultaneously. MAX–DOAS has been widely used to obtain the profiles of the precursors, HCHO and NO 2 ; − whereas, because MAX–DOAS quantifies trace gas profiles using collected scattered sunlight at multiple elevation angles, high stratospheric O 3 levels make the detection of lower tropospheric O 3 very difficult. Lin et al and Hong et al used FNR profiles from MAX–DOAS to explore the vertical distribution of O 3 formation sensitivity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vertical Evolution of Ozone Formation Sensitivity Based on Synchronous Vertical Observations of Ozone and Proxies for Its Precursors: Implications for Ozone Pollution Prevention Strategies

Hu,

Ji,

Hong

et al. 2024

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Photochemical ozone (O 3 ) formation in the atmospheric boundary layer occurs at both the surface and elevated altitudes. Therefore, the O 3 formation sensitivity is needed to be evaluated at different altitudes before formulating an effective O 3 pollution prevention and control strategy. Herein, we explore the vertical evolution of O 3 formation sensitivity via synchronous observations of the vertical profiles of O 3 and proxies for its precursors, formaldehyde (HCHO) and nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ), using multi-axis differential optical absorption spectroscopy (MAX−DOAS) in urban areas of the Beijing−Tianjin−Hebei (BTH), Yangtze River Delta (YRD), and Pearl River Delta (PRD) regions in China. The sensitivity thresholds indicated by the HCHO/NO 2 ratio (FNR) varied with altitude. The VOC-limited regime dominated at the ground level, whereas the contribution of the NO x -limited regime increased with altitude, particularly on heavily polluted days. The NO x -limited and transition regimes played more important roles throughout the entire boundary layer than at the surface. The feasibility of extreme NO x reduction to mitigate the extent of the O 3 pollution was evaluated using the FNR−O 3 curve. Based on the surface sensitivity, the critical NO x reduction percentage for the transition from a VOC-limited to a NO x -limited regime is 45−72%, which will decrease to 27−61% when vertical evolution is considered. With the combined effects of clean air action and carbon neutrality, O 3 pollution in the YRD and PRD regions will transition to the NO x -limited regime before 2030 and be mitigated with further NO x reduction. KEYWORDS: O 3 formation sensitivity, vertical profile, ground-based remote sensing, formaldehyde to NO 2 ratio (FNR), extreme NO x reduction

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“…DOAS has been widely used in studies of the vertical distribution characteristics of atmospheric components in different environments (suburban, regional, island, and offshore) in different regions, e.g., the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei [9,[17][18][19], the Pearl River Delta region [13,20,21] and the YRD region [22][23][24][25][26][27]. This technology provides a promising method for the accurate monitoring and management of air pollution.…”

Section: Observation Sitementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The most important advantage of the MAX-DOAS is that it can simultaneously monitor various atmospheric components, including aerosols, NO 2 , and HCHO, thereby overcoming the errors of atmospheric component monitoring using different instruments. MAX-DOAS has been widely used in studies of the vertical distribution characteristics of atmospheric components in different environments (suburban, regional, island, and offshore) in different regions, e.g., the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei [9,[17][18][19], the Pearl River Delta region [13,20,21] and the YRD region [22][23][24][25][26][27]. This technology provides a promising method for the accurate monitoring and management of air pollution.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differences in the Vertical Distribution of Aerosols, Nitrogen Dioxide, and Formaldehyde between Islands and Inland Areas: A Case Study in the Yangtze River Delta of China

Ou,

Hu,

Xing

et al. 2023

Remote Sensing

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Due to the difference of industrialization degree and meteorological conditions, there are obvious differences in the composition of air pollution between islands and inland areas. With Zhoushan (ZS) and Nanjing (NJ) representing islands and inland cities in the Yangtze River Delta, the differences in vertical distribution of atmospheric components were investigated. A combination of multi-axial differential optical absorption spectroscopy (MAX-DOAS), weather research and forecasting (WRF), and potential source contribution function (PSCF) models were used to obtain vertical distribution data for aerosols, nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and formaldehyde (HCHO), meteorological factors, and pollution sources in summer 2019. The findings indicate that, except for the aerosol extinction coefficient (AE), the atmospheric composition at the ZS site was not significantly stratified. However, the AE, NO2, and HCHO at NJ all displayed a decreasing trend with altitude. Here is the interesting finding that the ZS site has a higher AE value than the NJ site, while NJ displays higher NO2 and HCHO columns than the ZS site. This discrepancy was primarily attributable to Zhoushan City’s extremely low traffic emissions when compared to inland cities. In addition, HCHO in the YRD region was significantly affected by human activities. Analysis of potential pollution sources found that regional transport contributed to differences in atmospheric composition at different altitudes in different regions. Aerosols, NO2, and HCHO in Nanjing were significantly affected by transport in inland areas. Aerosols in Zhoushan were easily affected by transport in the Yellow Sea and East China Sea, and NO2 and HCHO were significantly affected by transport contributions from surrounding areas in inland areas. The study strongly suggests that land and sea breezes play an important role in the vertical distribution of aerosols over island regions.

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Vertical profiles of the transport fluxes of aerosol and its precursors between Beijing and its southwest cities

Cited by 13 publications

References 46 publications

Strong Impacts of Regional Atmospheric Transport on the Vertical Distribution of Aerosol Ammonium over Beijing

Strong Impacts of Regional Atmospheric Transport on the Vertical Distribution of Aerosol Ammonium over Beijing

Vertical Evolution of Ozone Formation Sensitivity Based on Synchronous Vertical Observations of Ozone and Proxies for Its Precursors: Implications for Ozone Pollution Prevention Strategies

Differences in the Vertical Distribution of Aerosols, Nitrogen Dioxide, and Formaldehyde between Islands and Inland Areas: A Case Study in the Yangtze River Delta of China

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