Vertical seismic profiling using distributed acoustic sensing in a hydrofrac treatment well

Bakku, Sudhish Kumar; Wills, P.; Fehler, Michael; Mestayer, Jeffery; Mateeva, Albena; López, Jorge L.

doi:10.1190/segam2014-1559.1

Cited by 38 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…(), and 40 m, used by Bakku et al . (,b). Our experience to date and the results presented here suggest that values between 20 m and 60 m are likely to be optimum.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The effect of gauge length on axially incident P‐waves measured using fibre optic distributed vibration sensing

Dean

Cuny

Hartog

2016

Geophysical Prospecting

155

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Distributed vibration sensing, also known as distributed acoustic sensing, is a relatively new method for recording vertical seismic profile data using a fibre optic cable as the sensor. The signal obtained from such systems is a distributed measurement over a length of fibre referred to as the gauge length. In this paper, we show that gauge length selection is one of the most important acquisition parameters for a distributed vibration sensing survey. If the gauge length is too small, then the signal‐to‐noise ratio will be poor. If the gauge length is too large, resolution will be reduced and the shape of the wavelet will be distorted. The optimum gauge length, as derived here, is a function of the velocity and frequencies of the seismic waves being measured. If these attributes vary considerably over the depth of a survey, then the use of different gauge lengths is recommended. The significant increases in data quality resulting from the use of multiple gauge length values are demonstrated using field data.

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“…(), and 40 m, used by Bakku et al . (,b). Our experience to date and the results presented here suggest that values between 20 m and 60 m are likely to be optimum.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…; Bakku, Wills, and Fehler ; Bakku et al . ; Didraga ; Longton et al . ) or cemented behind casing (Mestayer et al .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of gauge length on axially incident P‐waves measured using fibre optic distributed vibration sensing

Dean

Cuny

Hartog

2016

Geophysical Prospecting

155

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Both are superior to other optical sensors, such as quasi-distributed fiber Bragg grating (FBG) that is used for local measurement and Raman-based distributed temperature sensing (DTS) that is used only for temperature (Arnon et al, 2014;Sun et al, 2016;Tyler et al, 2010). Although the DTS system was marketed during the 1980s (Dakin et al, 1985;Kurashima et al, 1990) and is used for well monitoring (Bakku et al, 2014;Duguid et al, 2017), it is still insufficient to view complex fluid behaviors by solely relying on temperature sensing.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distributed Fiber Optic Sensing System for Well‐Based Monitoring Water Injection Tests—A Geomechanical Responses Perspective

Sun

Xue

Hashimoto

et al. 2020

Water Resources Research

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In this study, distributed fiber optic sensing (DFOS) based on hybrid Brillouin-Rayleigh backscattering is examined for the first time in well-based monitoring distributed profiles of geomechanical deformation induced by water injection. Field water injection tests are conducted under different injection scenarios between an injection well (230 m, IW #2) and 5.5 m away from a fibered monitoring well (300 m, MW #1) by deploying cables behind the casing at Mobara, Japan. Effects of injection rate, pressure, and lithological heterogeneity on the geomechanical deformation are quantitatively monitored via a DFOS approach and indicate that induced strains significantly depend on injection rate and pressure. The results also indicate that DFOS results are reasonably consistent with simultaneous geophysical well logging data and corresponding numerical simulation. The extent of impacted areas and magnitude of near-wellbore strains are explored to evaluate formation heterogeneity and fluid migration behaviors. The field testing of hybrid DFOS technology is expected to definitely advance elaborate monitoring and wider applications, such as CO 2 geosequestration sites.Plain Language Summary Geological CO 2 storage (GCS) in deep saline aquifers is broadly recognized as possessing the potential to play a key role in mitigating anthropogenic climate change. Valid monitoring methods are important to characterize the spatial distribution of sequestered CO 2 in underground reservoirs. In the study, hybrid Brillouin-Rayleigh scattering based on high-resolution distributed fiber optic sensing (DFOS) as an advanced monitoring tool to measure the distribution of temperature or strain is deployed behind casing to a depth of 300 m in an actual field of MW #1 to detect the vertical profile of strain changes at various locations along the entire cable length. Water injection tests are implemented to inject water from adjacent injection well, IW #2 (approximately 5.5 m distance) toward the fibered MW #1. Results indicate that the impacted zones induced by water injection are expanded to the vertical formations near the fibered well, thereby assessing overlying and overlying sealing. Additionally, the induced strain magnitude and state are largely associated with the injection rate, pressure, and formation heterogeneity compare well with the results of well logging and numerical modeling. The DFOS-based downhole monitoring technology can capture continuous depth-based geomechanical deformation, which can serve as a valid indicator to track the migration of injected fluids and act as an early warning for potential fluid leakage.

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“…In the down-sampled raw data delivered by Optasense we observe large spiky noise, low frequency noise related to temperature fluctuations in the well and random optical noise that appears on all receivers equally at the same time (Bakku et al, 2014). Spikes are first removed from the traces by identifying them based on a amplitude cut-off and setting the value to zero.…”

Section: Data Processingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Monitoring hydraulic fracturing using distributed acoustic sensing in a treatment well

Bakku

Wills

Fehler

2014

SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 2014

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Monitoring hydraulic fracturing is important for optimizing well-completion and well-spacing. Monitoring efforts, so far, are limited to observing micro-seismic activity, shear-wave shadowing and velocity changes from a neighboring monitoring well. The advent of Distributed Acoustic Sensing (DAS) has allowed us to monitor changes from the treatment well itself. We describe a novel active-source seismic experiment with DAS in a treatment well and discuss time-lapse changes due to hydraulic fracturing. We observe amplification and attenuation of direct P-waves above and below the plug for each stage, respectively. These strong time-lapse changes appear to be long-lived, at least over a period of 10 days. The time-lapse phase changes are small and hard to interpret. We believe that the amplification in the stimulated zone is related to formation changes and the attenuation is probably related to fiber coupling changes. Though the current geometry is not ideal, DAS is promising for hydraulic fracture monitoring.

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Vertical seismic profiling using distributed acoustic sensing in a hydrofrac treatment well

Cited by 38 publications

References 5 publications

The effect of gauge length on axially incident P‐waves measured using fibre optic distributed vibration sensing

The effect of gauge length on axially incident P‐waves measured using fibre optic distributed vibration sensing

Distributed Fiber Optic Sensing System for Well‐Based Monitoring Water Injection Tests—A Geomechanical Responses Perspective

Monitoring hydraulic fracturing using distributed acoustic sensing in a treatment well

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