Vertical self-sorting behavior in juvenile Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha): evidence for family differences and variation in growth and morphology

Unrein, Julia R.; Billman, Eric J.; Cogliati, Karen M.; Chitwood, Rob; Noakes, David L. G.; Schreck, Carl B.

doi:10.1007/s10641-017-0702-2

Cited by 4 publications

(10 citation statements)

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“…Thus, we predicted that fish from small eggs or fish that emerge earlier will have similar morphology to wild fall migrants, which is correlated with the surface‐oriented phenotype, as shown by Unrein et al. (). We also conducted behavioral trials using fish from known egg size and emergence timing to evaluate their preference for location within the tank as well as overall activity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 60%

“…This was not designed in the same fashion that Unrein et al. () observed distinct surface‐ and bottom‐oriented phenotypes. Additionally, the acute stressor applied by individually testing fish in a novel tank environment may have impacted general behavioral patterns (e.g., Noakes & Jones, ; Schreck & Tort, ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Soon after emergence, juveniles vertically self-sorted themselves into surface-oriented and bottomoriented phenotypes. Importantly, the surface-oriented phenotype had similar morphology to fall migrants, while the bottom-oriented phenotype had similar morphology to the spring yearling migrants (Unrein et al, 2017). These phenotypes were morphologically and behaviorally different despite being reared in a common environment, and there appeared to be a possible genetic link for those differences (Unrein et al, 2017).…”

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confidence: 89%

“…Importantly, the surface-oriented phenotype had similar morphology to fall migrants, while the bottom-oriented phenotype had similar morphology to the spring yearling migrants (Unrein et al, 2017). These phenotypes were morphologically and behaviorally different despite being reared in a common environment, and there appeared to be a possible genetic link for those differences (Unrein et al, 2017). Perkins and Jager (2011) also suggested that the decision to migrate downstream as a subyearling or yearling migrant was made soon after emergence in juvenile fall Chinook Salmon from the Snake River (Idaho, USA).…”

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confidence: 90%

“…Based on the correlation between migration timing and vertical orientation in Unrein et al. (), our prediction was that fish from smaller eggs and those emerging earlier would show a significant preference for being near the surface of the tank.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Egg size and emergence timing affect morphology and behavior in juvenile Chinook Salmon,Oncorhynchus tshawytscha

Cogliati

Unrein

Stewart

et al. 2017

Ecology and Evolution

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Variation in early life history traits often leads to differentially expressed morphological and behavioral phenotypes. We investigated whether variation in egg size and emergence timing influence subsequent morphology associated with migration timing in juvenile spring Chinook Salmon, Oncorhynchus tshawytscha. Based on evidence for a positive relationship between growth rate and migration timing, we predicted that fish from small eggs and fish that emerged earlier would have similar morphology to fall migrants, while fish from large eggs and individuals that emerged later would be more similar to older spring yearling migrants. We sorted eyed embryos within females into two size categories: small and large. We collected early and late‐emerging juveniles from each egg size category. We used landmark‐based geometric morphometrics and found that egg size appears to drive morphological differences. Egg size shows evidence for an absolute rather than relative effect on body morphology. Fish from small eggs were morphologically more similar to fall migrants, while fish from large eggs were morphologically more similar to older spring yearling migrants. Previous research has shown that the body morphology of fish that prefer the surface or bottom location in a tank soon after emergence also correlates with the morphological variations between wild fall and spring migrants, respectively. We found that late‐emerging fish spent more time near the surface. Our study shows that subtle differences in early life history characteristics may correlate with a diversity of future phenotypes.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 60%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 89%

mentioning

confidence: 90%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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