Vertical Stacked LEGO-PoL CPU Voltage Regulator

Baek, Jae-Il; Elasser, Youssef; Radhakrishnan, Kaladhar; Gan, Hu; Douglas, Jonathan; Krishnamurthy, Harish K.; Li, Xin; Jiang, Shuai; Sullivan, Charles R.; Chen, Minjie

doi:10.1109/tpel.2021.3135386

Cited by 78 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…Compared to transformer-based topologies, SC converters utilize capacitors to undertake the major voltage stress for the large step-down ratio and can substantially reduce the converter size due to the superior capacitor energy storage density. By merging the two stages, one can soft charge the SC circuits to reduce the charge sharing loss [25]- [28], allowing the use of smaller capacitors or lower switching frequency. Single-stage architectures that have low component count and less power conversion stages can attain high efficiency and high power density, but they might experience difficulty realizing high control bandwidth.…”

Section: Socket Vrm Server Mother Boardmentioning

confidence: 99%

MSC-PoL: Hybrid GaN-Si Multistacked Switched Capacitor 48V PwrSiP VRM for Chiplets

Wang¹,

Chen²,

Szczeszynski³

et al. 2023

Preprint

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This paper presents a multistack switched-capacitor point-of-load (MSC-PoL) voltage regulation module (VRM) with coupled magnetics for ultrahigh-current chiplet systems. In the MSC-PoL architecture, the stacked switched-capacitor cells split the high input voltage into several intermediate voltage rails, which are loaded with the switched-inductor cells to achieve soft charging and voltage regulation. Automatic capacitor voltage balancing and inductor current sharing are realized during the soft charging process. Many inductors of the switched-inductor cells are coupled into one and operated in interleaving to reduce the inductor current ripple and boost the transient speed. A 48-to-1-V/450-A VRM containing two MSC-PoL modules is built and tested, leveraging high voltage GaN devices for the front-end and high current Silicon devices for the back-end. Two ladder-structured coupled inductor designs are developed and compared, one of which installs a leakage magnetic plate to adjust the leakage inductance for lower current ripple. Featuring 3D stacked packaging, the entire power stage, gate drivers, and bootstrap circuits of one MSC-PoL module are enclosed into a 1/16-brick/0.31-in3/6-mm-thick package. The peak and the full-load efficiencies as well as the full-load power density (including both gate loss and size) of the MSC-PoL prototype with and without using the leakage plate are 91.7% and 89.5%, 85.8% and 85.6%, and 621 W/in3 and 724 W/in3, respectively. The 6-mm-thick MSC-PoL converter can be embedded into the chiplet or CPU socket, enabling power-supply-in-package (PwrSiP) for extreme efficiency, density, and control bandwidth.

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Section: Socket Vrm Server Mother Boardmentioning

confidence: 99%

MSC-PoL: Hybrid GaN-Si Multistacked Switched Capacitor 48V PwrSiP VRM for Chiplets

Wang¹,

Chen²,

Szczeszynski³

et al. 2023

Preprint

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“…The equivalent circuit that was tested is shown in Fig. 4.4a and Fig. 4.4b shows V sec and V sw are observed against the control signals G and G ′ .…”

Section: Winding Lossmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…4.4a and Fig. 4.4b shows V sec and V sw are observed against the control signals G and G ′ . There is complementary switching performed between the clamp FET Q c and the primary-side main FET Q p1 .…”

Section: Winding Lossmentioning

confidence: 99%

48V to 1V Active-Clamp Stacked Direct Forward Converter

Sinha,

Majmunović,

Maksimović

2023

2023 IEEE 24th Workshop on Control and Modeling for Power Electronics (COMPEL)

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This thesis presents a 48 V-to-1 V stacked direct forward (SDF) dc-dc converter consisting of four 12 V-to-1 V direct forward (DF) modules connected in input-series outputparallel (ISOP) configuration. In each DF module, there is no secondary-side inductance, and a single-ended forward transformer is driven at a high duty cycle to reduce the switch root-mean-square currents. An active clamp is employed on the primary side to reset the transformer, limit the switch voltage stress, and facilitate zero voltage switching. The approach is verified by simulation results on a 12 V-to-1 V, 50 A, 200 kHz prototype module using GaN devices and a planar transformer, and having a peak efficiency of 93.9% and the full-load efficiency of 91.8%. In this thesis, experimental results are presented for a 12 V-to-1 V DF prototype. I would like to thank my thesis advisor, Dr. Dragan Maksimovic, for giving me the opportunity to do my master's thesis under his guidance. Thanks to his guidance and encouragement, I was able to gain a lot of valuable knowledge in the field of power electronics and keep myself motivated throughout the completion of my thesis. Additionally, I would like to thank Dr. Luca Corradini and Dr. Robert W. Erickson, who have helped me learn and better understand analysis, modeling, design and control techniques in power electronics. I would like to thank my peers who supported and encouraged me during the completion of my thesis. Finally, I would like to thank my parents for their support as well as inspiration throughout my graduate studies. v Contents Chapter

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“…Fig. 1b highlights a two-stage design, which is currently gaining popularity, wherein a direct 48 V to PoL conversion occurs [3]- [5]. Fig.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Flying Capacitor LLC Converter: A Hybrid Switched Capacitor Converter with Galvanic Isolation for Large Step-Down Applications

Horowitz,

Brooks,

Ellis

et al. 2023

2023 IEEE 24th Workshop on Control and Modeling for Power Electronics (COMPEL)

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In this work, we combine two popular power conversion topologies, the flying capacitor multilevel (FCML) converter and the LLC converter, to arrive at the proposed flying capacitor LLC (FCLLC) solution with advantages of each. The FCLLC comprises a stepdown resonant switched-capacitor (ReSC) stage followed by a resonant transformer-based stage which provides soft charging of the flying capacitors, galvanic isolation, and an additional step-down through the transformer. These conversion ratios are multiplied, making the FCLLC especially suited for extreme conversion ratios. An FCLLC prototype capable of direct 400 V to 1 V conversion is fabricated, which demonstrates the potential this topology has for future datacenter applications.

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Vertical Stacked LEGO-PoL CPU Voltage Regulator

Cited by 78 publications

References 44 publications

MSC-PoL: Hybrid GaN-Si Multistacked Switched Capacitor 48V PwrSiP VRM for Chiplets

MSC-PoL: Hybrid GaN-Si Multistacked Switched Capacitor 48V PwrSiP VRM for Chiplets

48V to 1V Active-Clamp Stacked Direct Forward Converter

The Flying Capacitor LLC Converter: A Hybrid Switched Capacitor Converter with Galvanic Isolation for Large Step-Down Applications

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