Vertical Tail Sizing and Power Split Optimization for the PEGASUS Concept Considering Certification Requirements

Xie, Jiacheng; Cai, Yu; Sarojini, Darshan; Harrison, Evan; Mavris, Dimitri N.

doi:10.2514/6.2022-3204

Cited by 5 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Avenues of future work include the following: 1) Identify a set of Pareto optimal designs considering multiple objectives in addition to the block fuel, such as emission and energy cost [19]; 2) Evaluate the payload-range performance and assess the fuel and energy consumption of off-design missions [19]; 3) Study the impact of hybridization on secondary power subsystems, such as the sizing of the thermal management system [49] and the operability of hydraulic and pneumatic systems during E-taxi; 4) Incorporate certification requirements to constrain the power split optimization and propulsor positioning for the distributed propulsion of Architecture 2 [50]; 5) Apply the design and analysis process to hybrid architectures with other forms of energy storage, such as supercapacitors and fuel cells.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

System-level Trade Study of Hybrid Parallel Propulsion Architectures on Future Regional and Thin Haul Turboprop Aircraft

Cai

Pastra

Xie

et al. 2023

AIAA SCITECH 2023 Forum

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This paper evaluates the potential benefits of applying hybrid parallel propulsion architectures to future turboprop aircraft that are expected to enter into service in 2030. Two baseline aircraft models are established by infusing viable 2030 airframe and engine technologies on state-of-the-art 19-passenger and 50-passenger aircraft models. Two parametric parallel hybrid architectures are proposed and applied on both size classes: Architecture 1 has two propellers, each driven by an engine and an electric motor in parallel, and allows in-flight recharging; Architecture 2 has four propellers, each driven by either an engine or an electric motor, and allows parallel operation during the cruise. A design space exploration is conducted on the powertrain design variables and the electric component key performance parameters. A constrained optimization implies that Architecture 1 and 2 can achieve fuel savings of about 2.6% and 6.6%, respectively, given 2030 electric component technology assumptions. Electric taxi consistently results in fuel saving when battery technology is beyond the projected 2030 level. Preliminary sensitivity studies show that the performance of Architecture 2 is more sensitive to the battery technology compared to Architecture 1 due to its extensive use of battery energy during the cruise.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

System-level Trade Study of Hybrid Parallel Propulsion Architectures on Future Regional and Thin Haul Turboprop Aircraft

Cai

Pastra

Xie

et al. 2023

AIAA SCITECH 2023 Forum

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“…Next, eigenmode analysis is computed to obtain the frequency response and damping ratios. These parameters are evaluated with respect to handling qualities constraints [49,50]. Cruise segment constraints follow MIL-F-8785C Flying Qualities of Piloted Airplanes [51]; hover segment constraints follow ADS-33E-PRF Handling Qualities for Military Rotorcraft [52].…”

Section: Stabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Large-Scale Multidisciplinary Design Optimization of an eVTOL Aircraft using Comprehensive Analysis

Sarojini

Ruh

Joshy

et al. 2023

AIAA SCITECH 2023 Forum

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Quantifying Impacts of Uncertainties on Certification-Driven Design

Xie,

Harrison,

Mavris

2024

Journal of Aircraft

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Airworthiness certification is challenging for novel aircraft concepts. To avoid the significant cost associated with the redesign for certification compliance, incorporating certification requirements into early aircraft design is desired for unconventional aircraft. However, epistemic uncertainties arising from modeling assumptions, and aleatory uncertainties stemming from uncontrollable noise factors may have impacts on the certification analysis and certification-constrained design process. This paper presents an uncertainty quantification study based on a certification-constrained design and optimization study previously conducted for NASA’s Parallel Electric–Gas Architecture with Synergistic Utilization Scheme (PEGASUS) concept. The epistemic uncertainties are modeled through a set of multiplicative factors applied to intermediate disciplinary variables. The sensitivity analysis between design metrics and multiplicative factors reveals that uncertainties in stability and control derivatives can significantly affect certification constraint predictions, and uncertainties in drag approximations have considerable impacts on the vehicle sizing process. The aleatory uncertainties added to flight dynamics simulations include wind velocities and variations of weight and center of gravity. Four representative design candidates are evaluated for their robustness against aleatory uncertainties based on the Monte Carlo simulation performed on noise factors. The results show that aleatory uncertainties can affect the aircraft dynamic responses in flight test simulations, thus compromising certification compliance.

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Vertical Tail Sizing and Power Split Optimization for the PEGASUS Concept Considering Certification Requirements

Cited by 5 publications

References 25 publications

System-level Trade Study of Hybrid Parallel Propulsion Architectures on Future Regional and Thin Haul Turboprop Aircraft

System-level Trade Study of Hybrid Parallel Propulsion Architectures on Future Regional and Thin Haul Turboprop Aircraft

Large-Scale Multidisciplinary Design Optimization of an eVTOL Aircraft using Comprehensive Analysis

Quantifying Impacts of Uncertainties on Certification-Driven Design

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