Vertical Transmission of Acquired Ulcer Susceptibility in the Rat

Skolnick, Neil J.; Ackerman, Siguard H.; Hofer, Myron A.; Weiner, Herbert

doi:10.1126/science.7189606

Cited by 30 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…In contrast, previous studies involving weaning of mice or rats at day 14 PN suggest that maternal deprivation at this earlier period of development results in reductions in nursing and LG by female offspring Skolnick et al, 1980]. However, we do find evidence that weaning age significantly alters behaviors that emerge in the later postpartum period.…”

Section: Weaning Age and Maternal Behavior: Transmission From Mother contrasting

confidence: 55%

The Meaning of Weaning: Influence of the Weaning Period on Behavioral Development in Mice

et al. 2009

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Maternal care during the first week postpartum has long-term consequences for offspring development in rodents. However, mother-infant interactions continue well beyond this period, with several physiological and behavioral changes occurring between days 18 and 28 PN. In the present study, we investigate the long-term effects on offspring behavior of being weaned at day 21 PN versus day 28 PN. We found that male and female offspring engage in higher initial levels of social interaction if weaned at day 28 PN, as well as sexually dimorphic changes in exploratory behavior. Females who were themselves weaned earlier also appeared to wean their own pups earlier. Sex-specific effects of weaning age were found on levels of oxytocin and vasopressin V1a receptor density in the hypothalamus, central nucleus of the amygdala and nucleus accumbens. These results indicate that altering weaning age in mice may be a useful model for investigating the development of sexual dimorphism in neurobiology and behavior.

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Section: Weaning Age and Maternal Behavior: Transmission From Mother contrasting

confidence: 55%

The Meaning of Weaning: Influence of the Weaning Period on Behavioral Development in Mice

et al. 2009

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“…However, the cross-fostered groups showed clearly that the vulnerability could not be due to the change Skolnick had observed in early weaned mothers' maternal behavior. Instead, it was transmitted to the next generation through the early weaned mothers even when their offspring were reared by normally-weaned mothers (Skolnick, Ackerman, Hofer, & Weiner, 1980). Apparently the vulnerability was transmitted either during the affected offspring's embryonic and fetal development within the intrauterine environment provided by their early weaned mothers, or by some even earlier effect on their mother's germline cells during or after her early weaning from the affected offsprings' grandmother.…”

Section: The Role Of Latent Theory In Biological Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, a brief literature review brought up two other published examples of transgenerational effects, involving the adult offspring of female rats that had been exposed to toxins prior to mating. So we cited these sources along with our results, in a paper we submitted to the journal Science that was quickly accepted, a sign of some growing interest in unexpected developmental processes (Skolnick et al, 1980). Subsequently, the National Institutes of Health (NIH) put together a small meeting to explore the possibility of special funding for studying this kind of heritable developmental effects.…”

Section: The Role Of Latent Theory In Biological Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

The emerging synthesis of development and evolution: A new biology for psychoanalysis

Hofer

2014

Neuropsychoanalysis

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Significant transformations have taken place in our understanding of evolution and development since the late nineteenth century, when the two seemed so closely related; at that time, the ideas of Charles Darwin, Ernst Haeckel, and other biologists played a prominent role in Freud's creation of psychoanalysis. During the twentieth century, as biological research reached the molecular level, biological concepts of development and of evolution veered progressively further from each other and further away from psychoanalysis. Then most recently, in response to a flood of discoveries in the last two decades, the long-separated fields of developmental and evolutionary biology have come together in the creation of a new field, informally referred to as "Evo-Devo." In this paper, I trace these remarkable changes, and discuss how these recent advances have returned biological concepts to a closer alignment with psychoanalytic principles regarding the role of early experience in long-term developmental change and the importance of the role that early parent-infant interactions play in shaping our lives and those of our children. I have illustrated the changes in our thinking that have taken place over the past half century by describing the different ways that I have thought about, puzzled over, and been enlightened by these changing concepts in the course of my psychobiological research on the roles of the mother-infant relationship in the development of a relatively simple model organism, the laboratory rat.

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“…This inability is a function of the infant not being able to eat solid food for 2 days after separation as the thermoregulatory instability can be prevented by the infant lapping milk when separated. Hofer and colleagues also linked the effects of a fall in body temperature to the release of regulatory peptides in the vagal medullary system and the roles they play in gastric erosion formation (see Ackerman, Hofer, & Weiner, 1975, 1978Skolnick, Ackerman, Hofer, & Weiner, 1980). Thus, the separation experience alters, shifts, or disrupts some fundamental biological rhythms, but not others, placing the animal at risk for disease states, as well as long-term effects on attachment and bereavement (Hofer, 1984(Hofer, , 1991(Hofer, , 1994a(Hofer, ,b, 1996b.…”

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confidence: 95%