Vertical Transmission of Gut Microbiome and Antimicrobial Resistance Genes in Infants Exposed to Antibiotics at Birth

Li, Weizhong; Tapiainen, Terhi; Brinkac, Lauren; Lorenzi, Hernan; Moncera, Kelvin; Tejesvi, Mysore V.; Salo, Jarmo A.; Nelson, Karen E.

doi:10.1093/infdis/jiaa155

Cited by 56 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…In line with Collado et al., a significant overabundance of Parabacteroides and Bacteroides in fecal samples of children born from mothers with an excessive BMI has been reported also in another study ( Cerdò et al., 2018 ). Both these Bacteroidetes genera are microbes that may frequently be vertically transmitted from mothers to offspring ( Nayfach et al., 2016 ; Li et al., 2020 ), and for this reason, the presence of these taxa in the maternal GI microbiota may affect their presence also in newborns ( Collado et al., 2010 ). Considering vertical transmission of microbes, we found that Bacteroidetes mainly characterized the gut microbiota of vaginally delivered infants.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early Life Microbiota Colonization at Six Months of Age: A Transitional Time Point

Raspini

Vacca

Porri

et al. 2021

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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BackgroundEarly life gut microbiota is involved in several biological processes, particularly metabolism, immunity, and cognitive neurodevelopment. Perturbation in the infant’s gut microbiota increases the risk for diseases in early and later life, highlighting the importance of understanding the connections between perinatal factors with early life microbial composition. The present research paper is aimed at exploring the prenatal and postnatal factors influencing the infant gut microbiota composition at six months of age.MethodsGut microbiota of infants enrolled in the longitudinal, prospective, observational study “A.MA.MI” (Alimentazione MAmma e bambino nei primi MIlle giorni) was analyzed. We collected and analyzed 61 fecal samples at baseline (meconium, T0); at six months of age (T2), we collected and analyzed 53 fecal samples. Samples were grouped based on maternal and gestational weight factors, type of delivery, type of feeding, time of weaning, and presence/absence of older siblings. Alpha and beta diversities were evaluated to describe microbiota composition. Multivariate analyses were performed to understand the impact of the aforementioned factors on the infant’s microbiota composition at six months of age.ResultsDifferent clustering hypotheses have been tested to evaluate the impact of known metadata factors on the infant microbiota. Neither maternal body mass index nor gestational weight gain was able to determine significant differences in infant microbiota composition six months of age. Concerning the type of feeding, we observed a low alpha diversity in exclusive breastfed infants; conversely, non-exclusively breastfed infants reported an overgrowth of Ruminococcaceae and Flavonifractor. Furthermore, we did not find any statistically significant difference resulting from an early introduction of solid foods (before 4 months of age). Lastly, our sample showed a higher abundance of clostridial patterns in firstborn babies when compared to infants with older siblings in the family.ConclusionOur findings showed that, at this stage of life, there is not a single factor able to affect in a distinct way the infants’ gut microbiota development. Rather, there seems to be a complex multifactorial interaction between maternal and neonatal factors determining a unique microbial niche in the gastrointestinal tract.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early Life Microbiota Colonization at Six Months of Age: A Transitional Time Point

Raspini

Vacca

Porri

et al. 2021

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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“…There have been a number of studies that have focused on the acquisition and establishment of the infants’ gut microbiome from birth ( Dahlgren et al., 2019 ; Shao et al., 2019 ; Tauchi et al., 2019 ; Li et al., 2020 ). However, it remains uncertain how the microbiome of MLPT babies develops across the early life window.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors Associated With the Microbiome in Moderate–Late Preterm Babies: A Cohort Study From the DIAMOND Randomized Controlled Trial

Chong

Vatanen

Alexander

et al. 2021

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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The gut microbiota of preterm infants is affected by perinatal factors and, in turn, may impact upon infant health. In this study, we collected fecal samples at Day-10 (D10) and 4-months corrected-age (4M) from 227 moderate–late preterm (MLPT) babies enrolled in a randomized controlled trial of nutritional management. A total of 320 samples underwent 16S amplicon sequencing, and shotgun metagenomic sequencing was performed on 94 samples from the 4M time point. The microbiome of babies whose families lived in lower socioeconomic status (SES) areas exhibited a significantly higher microbial alpha diversity at D10 (Wilcoxon test, p = 0.021), greater abundance of Bifidobacterium (linear model, q = 0.020) at D10 and Megasphaera (q = 0.031) at 4M. Hospital of birth explained 5.2% of the observed variance in 4M samples (PERMANOVA, p = 0.038), with Staphylococcus aureus more abundant in fecal samples from babies born in Middlemore hospital (linear model, q = 0.016). Maternal antibiotic (Wilcoxon test, p = 0.013) and probiotic (p = 0.04) usage within the four-week period before sample collection was associated with a reduction in the alpha diversity of D10 samples. Infant probiotic intake explained 2.1% (PERMANOVA, p = 0.021) of the variance in the D10 microbial profile with increased Lactobacillus (linear model, q = 1.1 × 10−10) levels. At 4M, the microbiome of infants who were breastmilk fed had reduced alpha diversity when compared to non-breastmilk fed infants (Wilcoxon test, p < 0.05). Although causality cannot be inferred within our study, we conclude that in MLPT babies, maternal socioeconomic factors, as well as the perinatal medical environment and nutrition impact on the development of the newborn microbiome.

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“…Once consumed, the association between microbes resident in the fermented product becomes much more clearly biologically relevant and intimate with human lineages via their gut microbiome. Although vertical transmission of gut microbiota in humans is gaining support (Ferretti et al 2018;Li et al 2020), it is unclear at this time if and how fermented products may alter the microbiomes of humans (see below). Nevertheless, microbial cultures handed-down generationally as heirlooms may have led to an entanglement of human and microbial lineages (Ogura 2017;Cook 2018;Flachs and Orkin 2019).…”

Section: Shared Environment and Transmission Of Lineages In Fermented Foodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Symbiosis and the Anthropocene

Hom

Penn

2021

Symbiosis

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Recent human activity has profoundly transformed Earth biomes on a scale and at rates that are unprecedented. Given the central role of symbioses in ecosystem processes, functions, and services throughout the Earth biosphere, the impacts of human-driven change on symbioses are critical to understand. Symbioses are not merely collections of organisms, but co-evolved partners that arise from the synergistic combination and action of different genetic programs. They function with varying degrees of permanence and selection as emergent units with substantial potential for combinatorial and evolutionary innovation in both structure and function. Following an articulation of operational definitions of symbiosis and related concepts and characteristics of the Anthropocene, we outline a basic typology of anthropogenic change (AC) and a conceptual framework for how AC might mechanistically impact symbioses with select case examples to highlight our perspective. We discuss surprising connections between symbiosis and the Anthropocene, suggesting ways in which new symbioses could arise due to AC, how symbioses could be agents of ecosystem change, and how symbioses, broadly defined, of humans and “farmed” organisms may have launched the Anthropocene. We conclude with reflections on the robustness of symbioses to AC and our perspective on the importance of symbioses as ecosystem keystones and the need to tackle anthropogenic challenges as wise and humble stewards embedded within the system.

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Vertical Transmission of Gut Microbiome and Antimicrobial Resistance Genes in Infants Exposed to Antibiotics at Birth

Cited by 56 publications

References 47 publications

Early Life Microbiota Colonization at Six Months of Age: A Transitional Time Point

Early Life Microbiota Colonization at Six Months of Age: A Transitional Time Point

Factors Associated With the Microbiome in Moderate–Late Preterm Babies: A Cohort Study From the DIAMOND Randomized Controlled Trial

Symbiosis and the Anthropocene

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