Vertical transmission of Toxoplasma gondii in naturally infected ewes in the semiarid region of Brazil

Costa, Flávia Teresa Ribeiro da; Nogueira, Diogo Pupo; Oliveira, Maria A.G.; Silva, Samara S.; Silva, Rômulo F.; Sarmento, Wlysse Ferreira; Azevêdo, Sérgio Santos de; Gennari, Solange Maria; Pena, Hilda Fátima Jesus; Brasil, Arthur Willian de Lima; Vilela, Vinícius Longo Ribeiro; Feitosa, Thaís Ferreira

doi:10.1016/j.cimid.2020.101595

Cited by 9 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…The results obtained for T. gondii and N. caninum was within the positivity average of other studies carried out in the country ( Silva et al, 2012 ; Romanelli et al, 2020 ; Costa et al, 2021 ). In addition to its importance for public health, T. gondii is one of the main abortifacient agents in small ruminants, and human infection can result in abortion or neurological infection in immunosuppressed individuals ( Stelzer et al, 2019 ).…”

supporting

confidence: 87%

Occurrence of IgG antibodies against Toxoplasma gondii, Neospora caninum, and Leptospira spp. in goats and sheep from an indigenous village in Pernambuco, Brazil

Galvão

Oliveira

Cavalcanti

et al. 2023

Rev. Bras. Parasitol. Vet.

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This study aimed to determine the occurrence of anti-Toxoplasma gondii, Neospora caninum, and Leptospira spp. antibodies in sheep and goats raised in villages of the Xukuru do Ororubá indigenous community, Pernambuco, Brazil. A total of 180 serum samples from sheep and 108 serum samples from goats of both sexes and different ages were analyzed. For antibody research, indirect immunofluorescence antibody test (IFAT) were used for the protozoa T. gondii and N. caninum, and microscopic agglutination test (MAT) for Leptospira spp., with a cutoff titer of 1:64, 1:50 and 1:100, respectively. The frequency of anti-T. gondii antibodies was 16.6% (30/180) for sheep and 11.1% (12/108) for goats. The frequency of anti-N. caninum antibodies was 10.55% (19/180) for sheep, and 20.37% (22/108) for goats, while for Leptospira spp., 2.2% (4/180) of sheep and 1.85% (2/108) of goats reacted positively. The results obtained in this study are unprecedented in indigenous communities in the country and serve as an alert for monitoring goats and sheep from the Xukuru do Ororubá indigenous village regarding the occurrence and productive impact of infections by T. gondii, N. caninum, and Leptospira spp., in addition to the occurrence of the zoonosis toxoplasmosis and leptospirosis in the indigenous community.

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supporting

confidence: 87%

Occurrence of IgG antibodies against Toxoplasma gondii, Neospora caninum, and Leptospira spp. in goats and sheep from an indigenous village in Pernambuco, Brazil

Galvão

Oliveira

Cavalcanti

et al. 2023

Rev. Bras. Parasitol. Vet.

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“…Sheep can be infected with T. gondii via ingestion of feed or water contaminated with oocysts that have been shed by a feline definitive host [ 4 ]. Vertical transmission after pregnancy-induced recrudescence of persistent infections has also been reported [ 5 , 6 ]. Reproductive disease is generally observed only following a primary infection in a naïve pregnant ewe, and T. gondii infection usually confers long-lasting protective immunity [ 7 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toxoplasma gondii is not an important contributor to poor reproductive performance of primiparous ewes from southern Australia: a prospective cohort study

et al. 2022

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Background Toxoplasma gondii causes reproductive losses in sheep worldwide, including Australia. The reproductive performance of primiparous ewes is typically lower than for mature, multiparous ewes, and younger ewes are more likely to be immunologically naïve and therefore more susceptible to reproductive disease if T. gondii infection occurs during pregnancy. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of infection with T. gondii on the reproductive performance of primiparous ewes in southern Australia using a prospective cohort study. This will inform the need for targeted control strategies for T. gondii in Australian sheep. Results Toxoplasma gondii seropositivity using indirect ELISA was detected at 16/28 farms located across southern Australia. Apparent seropositivity to T. gondii was lower in primiparous ewes (1.1, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.6, 1.8) compared to mature, multiparous ewes (8.1, 95% CI 6.0, 10.5; P < 0.001). Toxoplasma gondii seroconversion during the gestation and lambing period was confirmed for 11/1097 (1.0, 95% CI 0.5, 1.7) of pregnant primiparous ewes that failed to raise a lamb, and 1/161 (0.6, 95% CI 0.1, 2.9) primiparous ewes with confirmed mid-pregnancy abortion. Conclusions Low frequency of detection of T. gondii seroconversion during gestation and low frequency of seropositivity to T. gondii suggests that toxoplasmosis was not an important contributor to reproductive losses in primiparous ewes on farms located over a wide geographical area in southern Australia.

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“…Prior studies have suggested that endogenous transplacental transmission occurs infrequently [ 24 , 25 , 26 ]. A high frequency (13.3%, 4/30) of endogenous transplacental transmission has recently been observed in ewes chronically infected with T. gondii [ 27 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low Prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in Sheep and Isolation of a Viable Strain from Edible Mutton from Central China

Jiang,

Xin,

et al. 2023

Pathogens

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Sheep are highly susceptible to Toxoplasma gondii, and miscarriage is the main clinical feature. This study investigated 227 sheep samples (210 myocardial tissues from slaughterhouses, 6 ewe serum samples, 3 aborted fetuses, and 8 dead lambs from veterinary clinics) from central China for T. gondii infection. Antibodies against T. gondii were detected using the modified agglutination test (MAT). PCR was performed to detect T. gondii DNA in the tissue samples. The results showed that four samples were seropositive (MAT titer ≥ 1:100), with a seroprevalence of 1.8% (4/227). The seropositive samples included two myocardial samples from a slaughterhouse, one ewe and its aborted fetus from a veterinary clinic. The results revealed that 7 out of 207 (3.4%) sheep tissue samples were PCR-positive, including two myocardial tissue samples from slaughterhouses, three aborted fetuses, and two lambs from veterinary clinics. Toxoplasma gondii vertical transmission had occurred in two of three pairs of ewes and her pups. One viable T. gondii strain (TgSheepCHn14) was isolated from the myocardial tissues of sheep from a slaughterhouse. Tachyzoites were obtained from cell cultures at 70 days following seeding in the brains and lungs of mice. This strain was non-lethal to Swiss mice. The number of parasite brain cysts in mice decreased with time post-infection (p < 0.05). Overall, the prevalence of T. gondii in the sheep samples was low. Although the samples were scattered, and not from planned collections, the current study detected T. gondii antibodies and DNA in aborted fetuses, indicating that vertical transmission could occur and maintain the parasites in sheep herds without exogenous infection.

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Vertical transmission of Toxoplasma gondii in naturally infected ewes in the semiarid region of Brazil

Cited by 9 publications

References 19 publications

Occurrence of IgG antibodies against Toxoplasma gondii, Neospora caninum, and Leptospira spp. in goats and sheep from an indigenous village in Pernambuco, Brazil

Occurrence of IgG antibodies against Toxoplasma gondii, Neospora caninum, and Leptospira spp. in goats and sheep from an indigenous village in Pernambuco, Brazil

Toxoplasma gondii is not an important contributor to poor reproductive performance of primiparous ewes from southern Australia: a prospective cohort study

Low Prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in Sheep and Isolation of a Viable Strain from Edible Mutton from Central China

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