Vertigo in children: Our experiences at a tertiary care teaching hospital of eastern India

2022

Int J Res Med Sci

Cochlear implantation may cause a detrimental effect on vestibular function and residual hearing. A significant number of patients with a cochlear implant present with vertigo. There are several mechanisms for dizziness following cochlear implantations. The causes may be surgical trauma, disruption of normal cochlear physiology, or ensuing endolymphatic hydrops. Vibratory trauma affecting the cochlea during cochleostomy plays a vital role in causing paroxysmal vertigo in patients with a cochlear implant. In addition, the vibrations affecting the cochlea are enough to dislodge otoconia particles. During cochlear implantation, it is necessary to insert an electrode array into the cochlea and thus the chance of damage to cochlear and function may happen. Dizziness or vertigo may develop after cochlear implantation. It usually occurs due to vestibular hypofunction. Vertigo following cochlear implantation has not frequently been documented in the literature previously. However, the increasing number of cochlear implantations in the current scenario is showing different postoperative complications like vestibular symptoms among patients with an implant. The vestibular symptoms following cochlear implantation range from a gradual sense of mild unsteadiness or lightheadedness to brief attacks of whirling vertigo. Vertigo following cochlear implantations affects the quality of life although vestibular therapy is often helpful to manage this condition. The article aims to provide a comprehensive review of vertigo following cochlear implantation.

Section: Preoperative and Postoperative Investigationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vertigo following cochlear implantation: a review

2022

Int J Res Med Sci

“…Difficult to perform the clinical and neurophysiological vestibular tests may hinder the observation of typical nystagmus, which is needed for the diagnosis of BPPV. 40 The study of nystagmus by Frenzel-oculoscopy or by infrared video-oculoscopy is often the same as that carried out in adults. Positional and provocative maneuvers are helpful for the detection of nystagmus.…”

Section: Diagnosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo in pediatric age group: a review

2022

Int J Contemp Pediatr

Vertigo is not common in the pediatric age group, but probably more often than was formerly thought. Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) is the most common cause of peripheral vertigo. It consists of the short duration of vertigo attacks found in a definite head position. The exact cause of BPPV is related to the idiopathic detachment of otoconia from the utricular membrane. The prevalence of BPPV in children is lower than in the adult age group. In children with BPPV, the symptoms consist of transitory rotational vertigo and torsional/ vertical/ horizontal or mixed nystagmus, depending on the position of the intra-labyrinthine otoliths, with latency and intensity in a typical crescendo-decrescendo pattern and it is exhaustible, reversible and fatiguing similar to adults. The diagnosis of BPPV can be accurately done by taking a detailed medical history, audiogram, and by use of positional testing. In children, BPPV can be successfully diagnosed and treated. In most cases, pediatric patients could not express details of their symptoms, and clinicians cannot always obtain adequate medical histories and determine their objective signs. So, it is not easy to study the BPPV in children. There are only a few articles describing BPPV in the pediatric age group, and therefore this subject is not well known to most otolaryngologists and clinicians. This review article discusses the epidemiology, etiopathology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and treatment of BPPB in the pediatric age group.

“…24 There are negative effects reported such as disturbed somatic and psychic development including voice perturbation and sleep disturbance. 25,26 27 This test is helpful to determine if the most significant site of the nasal obstruction due to DNS is at the valve area or farther inside the nasal cavity. 27 Computed tomography (CT) scan of the nose and paranasal sinuses should be performed before surgical planning in the children with DNS.…”

Section: Clinical Presentationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deviated nasal septum in children: a review

2022

Int J Contemp Pediatr

Deviated nasal septum (DNS) is a common clinical entity in human beings. Deviated nasal septum (DNS) may also result in upper respiratory infection, sinusitis, headache, epistaxis, middle ear infection, and hyposmia which increase the morbidity of the child and hamper the quality of life. The common clinical symptoms associated with DNS among children are nasal obstruction and postnasal discharge. The chronic nasal block in DNS has an adverse effect on the development of the child. DNS has an important effect on the faciomaxillary growth and development, particularly in the first decade of life. The treatment of DNS in childhood has received challenges among otolaryngologists because of its concern about the role of the nasal septum in the overall growth of the midface. So, otolaryngologists are often cautious during the correction of the DNS in children. DNS and its impact on nasal breathing impairment in children are often underestimated by clinicians. Clinicians often have little knowledge on the impact of DNS, its clinical manifestations in children, and its appropriate management. Early intervention for DNS in children is helpful to prevent morbid symptoms and their complications. This review article discusses etiopathology, epidemiology, clinical presentations, diagnosis, and current treatment of the DNS in children.