Very Large Hailstones From Aurora, Nebraska

Knight, Charles; Knight, Nancy C.

doi:10.1175/bams-86-12-1773

Cited by 28 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…5) began near Hastings and was the southernmost member of a line of isolated storms that eventually merged together. This powerful supercell produced record-breaking hailstones in Aurora (Knight and Knight 2005) and two tornadoes rated as category 0 on the Fujita scale (F0; NCDC 2008). The Deshler, Nebraska, supercell (storm D; Figs.…”

Section: Radar Observationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolution and Maintenance of the 22–23 June 2003 Nocturnal Convection during BAMEX

Billings

Parker

2012

Weather and Forecasting

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On 22-23 June 2003 a broad region of convection, comprising a squall line and discrete supercells, evolved throughout the evening and nighttime hours. These storms were studied by analyzing both observations and idealized numerical simulations. The squall line originated from a group of supercells that were initiated in a north-south line along a preexisting outflow boundary in eastern Nebraska. These supercells anchored to the boundary, facilitating cell mergers. The cell mergers and subsequent enhanced rainfall increased the depth and strength of the surface cold pool, which became the forcing mechanism for reorientation into an eastwest, southward-propagating squall line. While this was occurring, isolated supercells developed along the dryline in north-central Kansas. These supercells moved northeastward throughout the night. These two modes of convection developed and evolved in a similar nocturnal environment, suggesting that there were two distinct forcing mechanisms responsible for their maintenance. The nocturnal boundary layer was stable; however, CAPE existed and convection would have been able to remain surface based so long as near-surface air was being lifted to its level of free convection (LFC). In this study, both cold pool dynamics and supercell dynamics appear to have played an important roll in lifting low-level air to its LFC throughout the night.

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Section: Radar Observationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolution and Maintenance of the 22–23 June 2003 Nocturnal Convection during BAMEX

Billings

Parker

2012

Weather and Forecasting

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“…On 21 August 1968, hundreds of building and greenhouse windows were broken near the city of Lappeenranta in southeastern Finland, and, on 9 July 1972, cars were damaged and windows were broken in the center of the city of Tampere in central Finland. By comparison, the largest recorded hailstone in the world fell in Aurora, Nebraska, on 22 June 2003, measuring 17.5 cm in diameter (Knight and Knight 2005).…”

Section: Size Distributionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Climatology of Severe Hail in Finland: 1930–2006

et al. 2009

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“…In regions where accretion of water droplets onto hailstone surfaces results in the freezing of all drops (dry growth), relatively low density hailstones are produced. Conversely, higher or even solid-ice density hail is produced if the accretion rate is such that the stone enters a wet growth regime in which the surface remains wet (Knight and Knight 2005;Knight et al 2008). Given the presence of hail in the sampled PSDs, this can have a significant effect on the calculated radar reflectivity.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

A Balloonborne Particle Size, Imaging, and Velocity Probe for in Situ Microphysical Measurements

Waugh

Ziegler

MacGorman

et al. 2015

Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology

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A balloonborne instrument known as the Particle Size, Image, and Velocity (PASIV) probe has been developed at the National Severe Storms Laboratory to provide in situ microphysical measurements in storms. These observations represent a critical need of microphysics observations for use in lightning studies, cloud microphysics simulations, and dual-polarization radar validation. The instrument weighs approximately 2.72 kg and consists of a high-definition (HD) video camera, a camera viewing chamber, and a modified Particle Size and Velocity (Parsivel) laser disdrometer mounted above the camera viewing chamber. Precipitation particles fall through the Parsivel sampling area and then into the camera viewing chamber, effectively allowing both devices to sample the same particles. The data are collected on board for analysis after retrieval. Taken together, these two instruments are capable of providing a vertical profile of the size, shape, velocity, orientation, and composition of particles along the balloon path within severe weather. The PASIV probe has been deployed across several types of weather environments, including thunderstorms, supercells, and winter storms. Initial results from two cases in the Deep Convective Clouds and Chemistry Experiment are shown that demonstrate the ability of the instrument to obtain high-spatiotemporal- resolution observations of the particle size distributions within convection.

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Very Large Hailstones From Aurora, Nebraska

Cited by 28 publications

References 9 publications

Evolution and Maintenance of the 22–23 June 2003 Nocturnal Convection during BAMEX

Evolution and Maintenance of the 22–23 June 2003 Nocturnal Convection during BAMEX

Climatology of Severe Hail in Finland: 1930–2006

A Balloonborne Particle Size, Imaging, and Velocity Probe for in Situ Microphysical Measurements

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