Very Long-Term Amnesia in Association with Temporal Lobe Epilepsy: Evidence for Multiple-Stage Consolidation Processes

Kapur, Narinder; Millar, John S.; Colbourn, Christopher J.; Abbott, Pat; Kennedy, Philip; Docherty, T.B

doi:10.1006/brcg.1997.0927

Cited by 103 publications

(71 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…As such, many researchers have investigated episodic cognition using interview or self-report (e.g., Crovitz and Schiffma 1974;Kopelman et al 1989;Hashtroudi et al 1990; Levine et al 2002;Buckner and Carroll 2007;Schacter and Addis 2007). There is little controversy that measurement of accuracy and vividness of mental experience through interview can effectively tap episodic processes (e.g., Barr et al 1990;Hokkanen et al 1995;Kapur et al 1997;Maguire and Mummery 1999;Tanaka et al 1999;Buckner and Carroll 2007;Addis and Schacter 2008) and these methods are an excellent way in which to assess the nature of episodic cognition, and its neural basis. However, in terms of assessing the existence and/ or functionality of episodic cognition in target groups (e.g., patients, children, animals), tests that rely heavily on both receptive and productive verbal competence are not always appropriate.…”

Section: Methods Of Assessing Episodic Memorymentioning

confidence: 99%

Do different tests of episodic memory produce consistent results in human adults?

Cheke

Clayton

2013

Learn. Mem.

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A number of different philosophical, theoretical, and empirical perspectives on episodic memory have led to the development of very different tests with which to assess it. Although these tests putatively assess the same psychological capacity, they have rarely been directly compared. Here, a sample of undergraduates was tested on three different putative tests of episodic memory (What-Where-When, Unexpected Question/Source Memory, and Free Recall). It was predicted that to the extent to which these different tests are assessing the same psychological process, performance across the various tests should be positively correlated. It was found that not all tests were related and those relationships that did exist were not always linear. Instead, two tests showed a quadratic relationship, suggesting the contribution of multiple psychological processes. It is concluded that not all putative tests of episodic cognition are necessarily testing the same thing.

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Section: Methods Of Assessing Episodic Memorymentioning

confidence: 99%

Do different tests of episodic memory produce consistent results in human adults?

Cheke

Clayton

2013

Learn. Mem.

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“…Other studies showed a divergent pattern of forgetting, although some of these also exhibited ceiling effects (Blake, Wroe, Breen, & McCarthy, 2000;Butler et al, 2007;Butler, Kapur, Zeman, Weller, & Connelly, 2012;Butler & Zeman, 2008a;Evans et al, 2014;Hoefeijzers et al, 2013;Kapur et al, 1997;Manes, Graham, Zeman, de Luján Calcagno, & Hodges, 2005;Mayes et al, 2003;Mulhert et al, 2011;Wilkinson et al, 2012). The influence of ceiling effects is particularly important in these cases because of the potential for overlearning, which may mask any (early) differential forgetting effects between groups.…”

Section: A C C E P T E D Accepted Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 99%

Forgetting in temporal lobe epilepsy: When does it become accelerated?

Cassel

Morris

Koutroumanidis

et al. 2016

Cortex

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The notion of 'accelerated long-term forgetting' has often been attributed to disrupted 'late' memory consolidation. Nevertheless, methodological issues in the literature have left this theory unproven, leading some to suggest such findings may be reflective of subtle acquisition or early retention deficits. This study attempts to address such issues, and also to explore which pathophysiological variables are associated with forgetting rates. Eighteen participants with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) and eighteen matched controls completed background neuropsychological measurement of immediate and short-delay memory that showed comparable performance, both on verbal and visual tests. Using two novel experimental tasks to measure long-term forgetting, cued recall of verbal and visuospatial material was tested 30 seconds, 10 minutes, one day, and one week after learning. Forgetting of verbal material was found to be progressively faster during the course of a week in the TLE group. For visuospatial memory, participants in the TLE group exhibited faster early forgetting in the first 10 minutes after learning, as indicated by planned comparisons, with comparable forgetting rates thereafter. Our findings provide evidence for two patterns of disruption to 'early' memory consolidation in this population, occurring either at the initial delay only or continuing progressively through time. Differences in how soon after learning accelerated forgetting was detectable were related to factors associated with greater severity of epilepsy, such as presence of medial temporal lobe sclerosis on MRI and use of multiple anti-epileptic agents.

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“…At the time her memory test data were acquired, J. L. was experiencing approximately 35 seizures per month. Bilateral temporal lobe electroencephalogram (EEG) abnormalities were identified in the third patient after she presented with amnesia for recent events at about age 60, but this patient had no history of typical complex partial temporal lobe seizures (Kapur et al, 1997).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Temporal Lobe Epilepsy and the Selective Reminding Test: The Conventional 30-Minute Delay Suffices.

Bell

Fine

Dow

et al. 2005

Psychological Assessment

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Conventional memory assessment may fail to identify memory dysfunction characterized by intact recall for a relatively brief period but rapid forgetting thereafter. This study assessed learning and retention after 30-min and 24-hr delays on auditory and visual selective reminding tests (SRTs) in right (n = 20) and left (n = 22) temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) patients and controls (n = 49). The left TLE group performed significantly worse than controls on all 3 trials of both tests. The right TLE group differed from the controls on all 3 visual SRT trials and on learning for the auditory SRT. There were no between-groups differences in rate of information lost at the 30-min versus the 24-hr delay. At the individual level, there was no difference in the percentage of patients versus controls who demonstrated isolated memory impairment at the 24-hr delay. Accelerated forgetting over 24 hr is uncommon in TLE patients.Learning and memory impairment are common in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE; Chelune, Naugle, Luders, & Awad, 1991;Wilde et al., 2001). Traditionally, this impairment has been identified through an assessment of immediate memory or learning and then delayed memory or retention for the same information following a 20-to 30-min interval. Although a reliable association between visual memory test performance and the right hippocampus has not been found, conventional auditory learning and retention scores in groups of TLE patients have correlated with left hippocampal volume or transverse (T2) relaxation time on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI; Kalviainen et al., 1997;Kilpatrick et al., 1997;Lencz et al., 1992;Loring et al., 1993;Trenerry, Jack, Cascino, Sharbrough, & Ivnik, 1995;Wood, Saling, O'Shea, Berkovic, & Jackson, 2000); metabolic function, as measured by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (Kikuchi, Kubota, Hattori, Oya, & Mikuni, 2001;Martin et al., 1999;Sawrie et al., 2000Sawrie et al., , 2001; and hippocampal pathology ratings performed after anterior temporal lobectomy (Baxendale et al., 1998;Rausch & Babb, 1993;Sass et al., 1990).A normal retention or savings score after the standard 30-min delay has been considered to reflect an intact initial consolidation process, with the information retained considered part of long-term episodic memory. However, there is evidence that retention of information over this relatively short delay is not always a good predictor of the permanence of that information in memory, and this evidence suggests that consolidation of information into long-term storage (De Renzi & Lucchelli, 1993;Kapur et al., 1997). For example, three recent case studies of TLE patients revealed a syndrome of amnesia in which retention was normal when assessed after relatively brief delays but impaired as a result of accelerated forgetting when assessed after days or weeks (Holdstock, Mayes, Isaac, Gong, & Roberts, 2002;Kapur et al., 1997;O'Connor, Sieggreen, Ahern, Schomer, & Mesulam, 1997). Accelerated forgetting over time had a clear association with seizure activ...

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Very Long-Term Amnesia in Association with Temporal Lobe Epilepsy: Evidence for Multiple-Stage Consolidation Processes

Cited by 103 publications

References 14 publications

Do different tests of episodic memory produce consistent results in human adults?

Do different tests of episodic memory produce consistent results in human adults?

Forgetting in temporal lobe epilepsy: When does it become accelerated?

Temporal Lobe Epilepsy and the Selective Reminding Test: The Conventional 30-Minute Delay Suffices.

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