“…It is a tremendous challenge to design a storage ring having such an extremely low emittance, a factor of 100 smaller than those in existing midenergy light sources, especially such that it has adequate dynamic aperture and beam lifetime. In many ultralow emittance designs [4][5][6][7][8], the injection acceptances are not large enough for accumulation of the electron beam, necessitating on-axis injection where stored electron bunches are completely replaced with newly injected ones. Recently, starting with the MAX-IV 7-bend achromatic cell [9], we have made significant progress [10,11] with the design of positron-electron-project (PEP)-X, a USR that would inhabit the decommissioned PEP-II tunnel at SLAC (Fig.…”