Very low prevalence of anti-HAV in Japan: high potential for future outbreak

Yamamoto, Chiyo; Ko, Ko; Nagashima, Shintaro; Harakawa, Takayuki; Fujii, Toshiko; Ohisa, Masayuki; Katayama, Keiko; Takahashi, Kazuaki; Okamoto, Hiroaki; Tanaka, Junko

doi:10.1038/s41598-018-37349-1

Cited by 20 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…In Japan, where no universal vaccination programs against HAV infection exist, 10–20% of those with HIV infection tested positive for immunoglobulin G (IgG) anti-hepatitis A (HA) antibodies [ 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 ]. This prevalence is similar to that of IgG anti-HA in those without HIV infection [ 36 , 37 ], although a higher prevalence area can also be observed in Japan [ 38 ]. In general, individuals of high-risk groups, such as healthcare workers, sewage workers, and drug addicts, have ~60% of IgG anti-HA worldwide [ 39 , 40 ].…”

Section: Coinfection Of Hav With Hivsupporting

confidence: 64%

Co-Occurrence of Hepatitis A Infection and Chronic Liver Disease

Sasaki

Masuzaki

Takahashi

et al. 2020

IJMS

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Hepatitis A virus (HAV) infection occasionally leads to a critical condition in patients with or without chronic liver diseases. Acute-on-chronic liver disease includes acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) and non-ACLF. In this review, we searched the literature concerning the association between HAV infection and chronic liver diseases in PubMed. Chronic liver diseases, such as metabolic associated fatty liver disease and alcoholic liver disease, coinfection with other viruses, and host genetic factors may be associated with severe hepatitis A. It is important to understand these conditions and mechanisms. There may be no etiological correlation between liver failure and HAV infection, but there is an association between the level of chronic liver damage and the severity of acute-on-chronic liver disease. While the application of an HAV vaccination is important for preventing HAV infection, the development of antivirals against HAV may be important for preventing the development of ACLF with HAV infection as an acute insult. The latter is all the more urgent given that the lives of patients with HAV infection and a chronic liver disease of another etiology may be at immediate risk.

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Section: Coinfection Of Hav With Hivsupporting

confidence: 64%

Co-Occurrence of Hepatitis A Infection and Chronic Liver Disease

Sasaki

Masuzaki

Takahashi

et al. 2020

IJMS

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“…Hepatitis E is one of five known human hepatitis viruses. Others are A [5], B [6], [7], C [8], [9], [10] and D [11]. The prevalence of HEV is very low compared with the others, especially hepatitis B virus (HBV).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hepatitis E Infection in Nigeria: A Systematic Review

Okagbue¹,

Adamu²,

Bishop³

et al. 2019

Open Access Maced J Med Sci

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BACKGROUND: Research done globally on hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection is far fewer compared with other types of hepatitis virus infection. Little is known on the prevalence of HEV in Nigeria. AIM: The present study presents the prevalence of HEV infection in Nigeria from a few available research papers on HEV. The detailed statistical analysis was used to analyse the prevalence of HEV in humans and animals. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A literature search in Web of Science, Scopus and PubMed databases was done, and a final 7 articles were selected. Minitab 17.0 was used to perform the correlational and binary logistic analyses. RESULTS: Serum and faecal analysis of blood and stool samples of 1178 humans and 210 pigs (animals) were done, and the presence of anti-HEV IgG or HEV RNA in the study samples were 127 and 138 respectively. Further analysis showed the prevalence of HEV are 10.8% and 65.7% in humans and animals, respectively. Weak positive non-significant association (r = 0.327, p-value = 0.474) was obtained between the target (humans and animal) and the HEV infection (positive) groups. The application of binary logistic regression yielded an equation that can be used to predict the target group from the HEV positive humans or animals. Generally, the logistic model was not statistically significant (p-value = 0.376), and the model was able to explain 9.3% of the deviation or variability of the model. The odds ratio is OR = 1.0344 with 0.9550, 1.204 95% Confidence Interval (CI). Thus, in Nigeria, the odds of prevalence of HEV in animals are 1.0344 higher than humans. CONCLUSION: The risk factors obtained from the few available articles are consistent with the global epidemiology of HEV infection. Food and animal handlers and those that consume unsafe water are the key people at risk of HEV infection in Nigeria.

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“…After the country’s improvement in safe water and food supply, hygiene and good sanitation, the prevalence decreased over two decades. However, a reduced anti-HAV prevalence exposes to future epidemics due to the lack of herd immunity among population 13 . This situation is now occurring in the developed countries like Japan.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of total hepatitis A antibody among 5 to 7 years old children and their mothers in Cambodia

Nagashima

Yamamoto

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

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This study determined the prevalence of total hepatitis A antibody (anti-HAV) among 5–7 years old children and their mothers in the whole Cambodia, using a nationwide study, and examined the differences between the two cohorts. A total of 4535 dried blood spot-driven (DBS) samples (2021 mothers and their 2514 children of 5–7 years old) and the concomitant 922 whole blood samples (subset of the whole participants) were collected using a multistage random sampling strategy throughout Cambodia in 2017. Total anti-HAV was detected using the chemiluminescence enzyme immunoassay method. Compared to gold standard whole blood samples, the sensitivity and specificity of DBS mediated anti-HAV detection were 94.8% and 98%, respectively. Total anti-HAV prevalence among mothers was 91.2% (95%CI: 90.0–92.5%), and that of their children was 31.5% (95%CI: 29.7–33.3%). In our study, the low prevalence of total anti-HAV among children indicates the country’s improvement of safe water and food supply, hygiene and sanitation. If the hygiene and sanitation are consistently improved in Cambodia, the prevalence might be no longer increased when the children become adults.

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Very low prevalence of anti-HAV in Japan: high potential for future outbreak

Cited by 20 publications

References 18 publications

Co-Occurrence of Hepatitis A Infection and Chronic Liver Disease

Co-Occurrence of Hepatitis A Infection and Chronic Liver Disease

Hepatitis E Infection in Nigeria: A Systematic Review

Prevalence of total hepatitis A antibody among 5 to 7 years old children and their mothers in Cambodia

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