Vesicle zonation and vertical structure of basalt flows

Aubele, J. C.; Crumpler, L. S.; Elston, Wolfgang E.

doi:10.1016/0377-0273(88)90028-5

Cited by 124 publications

(78 citation statements)

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“…4B). The small dimensions of vesicular clasts may have been derived by fragmentation of the fractured and densely vesicular, upper portions common to lava flows (Aubele et al, 1988). Larger and angular blocks are likely to represent samples of the less vesicular, deeper flow interiors where planar fractures are more easily propagated in the homogeneous medium of nonvesicular flow interiors.…”

Section: Rocks Soils and Drifted Bed Formsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mars Exploration Rover Geologic traverse by the Spirit rover in the Plains of Gusev Crater, Mars

Crumpler

Squyres

Arvidson³

et al. 2005

Geol

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Section: Rocks Soils and Drifted Bed Formsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mars Exploration Rover Geologic traverse by the Spirit rover in the Plains of Gusev Crater, Mars

Crumpler

Squyres

Arvidson³

et al. 2005

Geol

Self Cite

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“…The lower and middle parts of a flow thus become depleted in vesicles, while vesicles become concentrated near the flow top (Aubele et al 1988). In general, the thicker the lava flow and hence the longer it takes to solidify, the more nearly complete is the loss of bubbles from the lower and middle parts of the flow.…”

Section: Vesicularity Of Basaltic Rocksmentioning

confidence: 99%

Basaltic-volcano systems

Walker

1993

194

124

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This review and personal account of basaltic volcanism concentrates on the geological aspects and physical controls, unlike most others which concentrate on geochemistry. It serves as an update to reviews by Wentworth & Macdonald 20 to 40 years ago. The concept of volcanic systems is developed, a system including the plumbing, intrusions, and other accoutrements of volcanism, as well as the volcanic edifice. Five types of systems are described, namely lava-shield volcanoes, stratovolcanoes, flood-basalt fields, monogenetic-volcano fields, and central volcanoes (having silicic volcanics as well as basaltic). It is postulated that the system-type depends on (a) the magma-input rate and (b) the frequency with which magma-batches enter the system (or modulation frequency). These controls determine whether a hot pathway is maintained from the source to the high-level magma chamber, and hence if eruptions are concentrated in the central-vent system. Reviews are given on many aspects: the different kinds of rift zones that volcanoes exhibit, and their controls; the mostly small intrusions, including coherent-intrusion complexes, that occur in and under the volcanic edifices; the great sill swarms that are an alternative to flood basalts; the origin of the craters and calderas of basaltic volcanoes; high-level magma chambers, their locations, and cumulate prisms; the positive Bouguer gravity anomalies that are attributed to cumulates and intrusion complexes; the structures of basaltic lava flows; the characteristics of basaltic explosive volcanism and the consequences of participation by nonvolcanic water; the products of underwater volcanism; the origin and significance of joints, formed either by contraction or expansion, in volcanic rocks; and the distribution of vesicles in basaltic rocks. A fairly extensive bibliography is included. This is in part a review; it takes stock of changes in concepts since the publications by Wentworth & Macdonald (1953) and Macdonald (1967), which were models of clear description of basaltic volcanics, and since the publication 12 years ago of the landmark Basaltic Volcanism Study Project (1981). It also incorporates new ideas, new interpretations, and new ways of looking at the subject. The scope of basaltic volcanism is too broad to cover all aspects, and petrology and geochemistry are specifically omitted.More than half of the world's volcanoes are basaltic or include basalt among their products; and about one third of known eruptions, involving about 20 volcanoes per year erupt basaltic magma. Basaltic volcanoes occur in all tectonic settings. Basaltic volcanism is associated with both divergent and convergent plate boundaries; it characterizes spreading ridges mostly concealed beneath the ocean; it characterizes hotspot volcanism which, in oceanic settings, is almost exclusively basaltic and, in continental settings, is commonly bimodal (basaltic plus rhyolitic); and it is widespread associated with andesitic and more silicic magmas in subduction-zone settings, particula...

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“…During development of pahoehoe lava fields, gas bubbles can frequently become trapped and entrained in the magma body as it cools from both above and below. Thus, thicker, inflated pahoehoe lobes of 5-30 m thickness, such as those documented in CFBPs, are often characterized by the threefold structure of a vesicular upper crust, a dense core, and a thinner vesicular lower crust (Aubele et al, 1988;Thordarson and Self, 1998;Jerram and Widdowson, 2005).…”

Section: Proc Iodp | Volume 324mentioning

confidence: 99%

Methods

2010

Proceedings of the IODP

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Vesicle zonation and vertical structure of basalt flows

Cited by 124 publications

References 50 publications

Mars Exploration Rover Geologic traverse by the Spirit rover in the Plains of Gusev Crater, Mars

Mars Exploration Rover Geologic traverse by the Spirit rover in the Plains of Gusev Crater, Mars

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