Vesicovaginal Fistula: Ultrasound Delineation and Pathological Correlation

Abstract

Worldwide, the most common cause of vesicovaginal fistula (VVF) is obstructed labor causing bladder ischemia, but in Western countries it occurs most often as a complication of gynecological surgery, especially abdominal hysterectomy.1 It may also occur as a complication of urological procedures—urethral dilatation, plastic bladder repair, and papilloma fulguration. Less common causes are trauma, sepsis, radiotherapy, and malignancy. It is a recorded complication of a large bladder calculus.2 We present a patient with carcinoma of the cervix in whom a VVF occurred immediately postradiotherapy. Ultrasound examination clearly demonstrated the position and size of the fistula.

Transvaginal Sonography in the Treatment of a Rare Case of Total Urethral Stenosis With a Vesicovaginal Fistula

“…Diagnosis of a vesicovaginal fistula includes speculum examination, a 3-tampon test, cystoscopy, excretory urography, and sonography. 3,5 Two factors have been reported to aid in visualization of a vesicovaginal fistula on sonography: an edematous change of the bladder and vaginal wall and collection of urine within the upper vagina. 5 An occult fistula can be identified by a flow wave through the fistulous tract during a Valsalva maneuver.…”

Diagnostik von Harnblasen-Darm-Fisteln durch kontrastmittelunterstützte 3D-Sonographie

“…Das Verfahren wurde auch zur Lokalisation von intraarteriellen Leberports [10] oder zur verbesserten Diagnostik von Anomalien der Leberperfusion erfolgreich eingesetzt [11]. Durch eine Doppler-Untersuchung ist es möglich, eine vesiko-vaginale Fistel von arteriellen oder venösen Signalen von Gefäßen der Blasenwand zu unterscheiden [12].…”