Vesicular acetylcholine transporter–immunoreactive axon terminals enriched in the pontine nuclei of the mouse

Tsutsumi, Toshiyuki; Houtani, Takeshi; Toida, Kazunori; Kase, Masahiko; Yamashita, Toshio; Ishimura, Kazunori; Sugimoto, Tetsuo

doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2007.03.019

Cited by 13 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…The antibody detected a single band of 70 kDa on western blot analysis from mouse brain (manufacturer's data sheet at http://www.scbt.com). The staining pattern identified by this antibody was identical to previous reports of cholinergic soma and fibers in the mouse brain (Tsutsumi et al, ).…”

Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 88%

Structural basis for cholinergic regulation of neural circuits in the mouse olfactory bulb

Hamamoto

Kiyokage

Sohn

et al. 2016

J of Comparative Neurology

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Odor information is regulated by olfactory inputs, bulbar interneurons, and centrifugal inputs in the olfactory bulb (OB). Cholinergic neurons projecting from the nucleus of the horizontal limb of the diagonal band of Broca and the magnocellular preoptic nucleus are one of the primary centrifugal inputs to the OB. In this study, we focused on cholinergic regulation of the OB and analyzed neural morphology with a particular emphasis on the projection pathways of cholinergic neurons. Single-cell imaging of a specific neuron within dense fibers is critical to evaluate the structure and function of the neural circuits. We labeled cholinergic neurons by infection with virus vector and then reconstructed them three-dimensionally. We also examined the ultramicrostructure of synapses by electron microscopy tomography. To further clarify the function of cholinergic neurons, we performed confocal laser scanning microscopy to investigate whether other neurotransmitters are present within cholinergic axons in the OB. Our results showed the first visualization of complete cholinergic neurons, including axons projecting to the OB, and also revealed frequent axonal branching within the OB where it innervated multiple glomeruli in different areas. Furthermore, electron tomography demonstrated that cholinergic axons formed asymmetrical synapses with a morphological variety of thicknesses of the postsynaptic density. Although we have not yet detected the presence of other neurotransmitters, the range of synaptic morphology suggests multiple modes of transmission. The present study elucidates the ways that cholinergic neurons could contribute to the elaborate mechanisms involved in olfactory processing in the OB. J. Comp. Neurol. 525:574-591, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

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Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 88%

Structural basis for cholinergic regulation of neural circuits in the mouse olfactory bulb

Hamamoto

Kiyokage

Sohn

et al. 2016

J of Comparative Neurology

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“…Notably, the PPN is directly innervated by the STN (Nauta and Cole 1974;Parent and Smith 1987). We record from the rat PPTg since this area is homologous to the human PPN (Ballanger et al 2009;Hammond et al 1983;Ichinohe et al 2000;Jackson and Crossman 1983;Ruggiero et al 1997;Takakusaki et al 1997;Winn 2006), the PPTg directly receives STN neuronal efferents in rats (Hammond et al 1983), this area can modulate pontine nuclei activity which give rise to cerebellar mossy fibers (Tsutsumi et al 2007) and imaging studies (Aravamuthan et al 2007;Ballanger et al 2009;Fling et al 2013;Schweder et al 2010;Tykocki et al 2011) or retrograde tract tracing study (Newman and Ginsberg 1992) report signaling between the PPTg and cerebellum. We chose to focus our analysis on Purkinje cells since they are the main output cells of the cerebellar cortex and are easy to identify electrophysiologically.…”

Section: Acute In Vivo Electrophysiological Recordingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…h Identification of non-cholinergic neurons, which we presume are glutamatergic, was made using waveforms since non-cholinergic neurons typically have a narrower rising phase in spike waveform and significantly faster spiking frequency. The left waveform represents non-cholinergic neurons, whereas the wider waveform on the right is from a cholinergic PPTg neuron; the horizontal bracket indicates the positive rising phase of the spike waveform, which is measured in the lower right panel and Ginsberg 1992) or modulate mossy fibers originating from the pontine nuclei (Tsutsumi et al 2007) and these were identified by their spiking waveforms and frequencies which were more narrow and faster, respectively, than those of cholinergic neurons (Zhang et al 2008) (Fig. 4h).…”

Section: Stn-dbs and Concurrent Recordings Of Stn Pptg And Cerebellamentioning

confidence: 99%

Stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus engages the cerebellum for motor function in parkinsonian rats

et al. 2014

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Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is effective in managing motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease in well-selected individuals. Recently, research has shown that DBS in the basal ganglia (BG) can alter neural circuits beyond the traditional basal ganglia-thalamus-cortical (BG-TH-CX) loop. For instance, functional imaging showed alterations in cerebellar activity with DBS in the subthalamic nucleus (STN). However, these imaging studies revealed very little about how cell-specific cerebellar activity responds to STN stimulation or if these changes contribute to its efficacy. In this study, we assess whether STN-DBS provides efficacy in managing motor symptoms in Parkinson's disease by recruiting cerebellar activity. We do this by applying STN-DBS in hemiparkinsonian rats and simultaneously recording neuronal activity from the STN, brainstem and cerebellum. We found that STN neurons decreased spiking activity by 55% during DBS (P = 0.038), which coincided with a decrease in most pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus and Purkinje neurons by 29% (P < 0.001) and 28% (P = 0.003), respectively. In contrast, spike activity in the deep cerebellar nuclei increased 45% during DBS (P < 0.001), which was likely from reduced afferent activity of Purkinje cells. Then, we applied STN-DBS at sub-therapeutic current along with stimulation of the deep cerebellar nuclei and found similar improvement in forelimb akinesia as with therapeutic STN-DBS alone. This suggests that STN-DBS can engage cerebellar activity to improve parkinsonian motor symptoms. Our study is the first to describe how STN-DBS in Parkinson's disease alters cerebellar activity using electrophysiology in vivo and reveal a potential for stimulating the cerebellum to potentiate deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus.

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“…The brain was sliced into 40‐μm coronal sections with Cryotome according to Kase et al (2007). These sections were immunostained for VAChT with essentially the same method as described previously (Tsutsumi et al, 2007).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Morphologic evaluation of the cholinergic fibers and receptors responsible for the function of the central auditory system has been little accomplished except for the cochlear nucleus, where the distribution density of cholinergic fiber–receptor systems has been reported to be regionally variable (Frostholm and Rotter, 1986; Chen et al, 1995; Yao and Godfrey, 1995, 1999; Yao et al, 1996; Jin et al, 2005; Jin and Godfrey, 2006). Tsutsumi et al (2007) studied the distribution of cholinergic components in the precerebellar nuclei by using vesicular acetylcholine transporter (VAChT) immunohistochemistry and provided evidence that mesopontine cholinergic neurons negatively regulate neocortico‐ponto‐cerebellar projections at the level of pontine nuclei. Because VAChT is synthesized in major cholinergic neurons and localized to synaptic vesicles for acetylcholine transport (Erickson et al, 1994; Roghani et al, 1994, 1996; Schafer et al, 1994; Usdin et al, 1995), this molecule is used as a cholinergic marker to delineate terminals and preterminal axons (Schafer et al, 1995, 1998; Gilmor et al, 1996; Weihe et al, 1996; Arvidsson et al, 1997; Ichikawa et al, 1997; Roghani et al, 1998).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Histological Determination of the Areas Enriched in Cholinergic Terminals and m2 and m3 Muscarinic Receptors in the Mouse Central Auditory System

Hamada

Houtani

Trifonov

et al. 2010

The Anatomical Record

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Cholinergic projections to auditory system are vital for coupling arousal with sound processing. Systematic search with in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry indicated that the ventral nucleus of the medial geniculate body and the nucleus of the brachium of the inferior colliculus constituted cholinergic synaptic sites in the brainstem auditory system, containing a significant number of cholinergic axon terminals and m2 receptor-expressing cell bodies. Anat Rec, 293:1393Rec, 293: -1399

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Vesicular acetylcholine transporter–immunoreactive axon terminals enriched in the pontine nuclei of the mouse

Cited by 13 publications

References 33 publications

Structural basis for cholinergic regulation of neural circuits in the mouse olfactory bulb

Structural basis for cholinergic regulation of neural circuits in the mouse olfactory bulb

Stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus engages the cerebellum for motor function in parkinsonian rats

Histological Determination of the Areas Enriched in Cholinergic Terminals and m2 and m3 Muscarinic Receptors in the Mouse Central Auditory System

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