Vesicular-Arbuscular Mycorrhiza and Plant Growth

Gerdemann, J. W.

doi:10.1146/annurev.py.06.090168.002145

Cited by 528 publications

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“…vahes for mycorrhizal and nonmycorrhizal roots were 0.32 and 0.25 micromoles P per gram fresh weight per hour and K. values were 35 and 42 micromolar, respectively. These results indicate that at the lower phase concentrations, similar to those expected in most soil solutions, a major factor contributing to the increased uptake was an apparent greater affinty of the absorbing sites for H2PO4-(lower K.).Mycorrhizal plants commonly accumulate more P than do nonmycorrhizal plants, especially when P availability is limited (5,9). Increased absorption is usually attributed to increased surface area and increased soil exploration by the root-fungus association (7,17,19).…”

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confidence: 62%

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Kinetics of Phosphorus Absorption by Mycorrhizal and Nonmycorrhizal Tomato Roots

Cress¹,

Throneberry²,

Lindsey³

1979

Plant Physiol.

125

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Kinetics of P absorption were investigated in mycorrhizal (Gkmws fascadana) and nonmycorrhizal tomato (Lycopersicon escude_uu) roots to determine why increased ion absorption by mycorrhizae occurs. Initial rates of absorption of "2P were measured at 1 to 100 micromolar KH2PO4 (pH 4.6). Absorption rates of mycorrhizae were about twice those of control roots. Augustnsson-Hofstee analysis yielded two linear phases; V.. and K,. were calculated for each phase. In the low phase (I to 20 micromolar), V..,,S values for the mycorrhizal and nonmycorhizal roots were each 0.10 micromoles P per gram fresh weight per hour while K. values were 1.6 and 3.9 micromolar KH2PO4, respectively. For the high phase (30 to 100 micromolar), V,. vahes for mycorrhizal and nonmycorrhizal roots were 0.32 and 0.25 micromoles P per gram fresh weight per hour and K. values were 35 and 42 micromolar, respectively. These results indicate that at the lower phase concentrations, similar to those expected in most soil solutions, a major factor contributing to the increased uptake was an apparent greater affinty of the absorbing sites for H2PO4-(lower K.).Mycorrhizal plants commonly accumulate more P than do nonmycorrhizal plants, especially when P availability is limited (5,9). Increased absorption is usually attributed to increased surface area and increased soil exploration by the root-fungus association (7,17,19). To our knowledge, the kinetics of ion uptake by mycorrhizae has not been investigated. Information of this type is needed to determine whether enhanced absorption is in fact due solely to increased number of absorbing sites contributed by the fungus, or possibly to greater ion affinity of the fungal absorption sites, or a combination of both factors. Such a kinetic approach to examination of the absorption of P by mycorrhizae is reported here. Tomatoes, known to exhibit a mycorrhizal response in ion uptake (3,18), were used in the investigation. MATERIALS AND METHODS

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confidence: 62%

“…Mycorrhizal plants commonly accumulate more P than do nonmycorrhizal plants, especially when P availability is limited (5,9). Increased absorption is usually attributed to increased surface area and increased soil exploration by the root-fungus association (7,17,19).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Kinetics of Phosphorus Absorption by Mycorrhizal and Nonmycorrhizal Tomato Roots

Cress¹,

Throneberry²,

Lindsey³

1979

Plant Physiol.

125

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“…It has been observed that large number of spores can occur over a wide range of soil pH (Read et al, 1976), soil phosphate levels (Jeffries et al, 1988) and salinity (Gerdemann, 1968). There are also marked differences among species and strains of AM fungi in the effects of soil properties on their distribution and abundance (Robson and Abbott, 1989).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The mycorrhizal soil infectivity and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal spore communities in soils of different aged fallows in Senegal

Duponnois

Plenchette

Thioulouse

et al. 2001

Applied Soil Ecology

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This work was carried out to determine the influence of the duration of fallow and of physico-chemical components of soils on the distribution of endomycorrhizal fungal spores and the mycorrhizal soil infectivity. The mycorrhization of indigenous plants from the fallows was examined and it was concluded that, except for Cassia obtusifolia, fungal colonization was poorly developed. No correlation was established between spore populations and duration of fallow or between grazed and fenced areas. The relationships between abundance of mycorrhizal spores and the physico-chemical characteristics of the soils were markedly variable among species of mycorrhizal fungi. The results did not provide evidence of a beneficial effect of increased length of fallowing on mycorrhizal soil infectivity, but they did demonstrated the positive effect of preventing grazing on the re-establishment of vegetation during the fallow period.

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“…In an elegant study of mycotrophism in pteridophytes, Boullard (13) (60)(61)(62). Polygonaceae are traditionally regarded as lacking mycorrhizae, (26,60), but Coccoloba forms ectomycorrhizae (24,26) and some species of Eriogonum (63) form endomycorrhizae.…”

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Ecological and evolutionary significance of mycorrhizal symbioses in vascular plants (A Review)

Malloch

Pirozynski²,

Raven³

1980

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

277

151

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Mycorrhizae, the symbioses between fungi and plant roots, are nearly universal in terrestrial plants and can be classified into two major types: endomycorrhizae and ectomycorrhizae. About four-fifths of all land plants form endomycorrhizae, whereas several groups of trees and shrubs, notably Pinaceae, some Cupressaceae, Fagaceae, Betulaceae, Salicaceae, Dipterocarpaceae, and most Myrtaceae form ectomycorrhizae. Among legumes, Papilionoideae and Mimosoideae have endomycorrhizae and usually form bacterial nodules. The members of the third subfamily, Caesalpinioideae, rarely form nodules, and one of the included groups, the two large, pantropical, closely related tribes Amherstieae and Detarieae, regularly form ectomycorrhizae. Nodules and ectomycorrhizae may well be alternative means of supplying organic nitrogen to the plants that form them.Those plants having endomycorrhizae usually occur in forests of high species richness, whereas those with ectomycorrhizae usually occur in forests of low species richness. The roots of ectomycorrhizal trees, however, support a large species richness of fungal symbionts, probably amounting to more than 5000 species worldwide, whereas those of endomycorrhizal trees have low fungal species richness, with only about 30 species of fungi known to be involved worldwide. Ectomycorrhizal forests are generally temperate or occur on infertile soils in the tropics. They apparently have expanded in a series of ecologically important events through the course of time from the Middle Cretaceous onward at the expense of endomycorrhizal forests.The invasion of the land by the ancestor of the vascular plants clearly seems to have been facilitated by the origin of symbiotic associations between these plants and certain "phycomycetous" fungi similar to those that are involved in endotrophic mycorrhizae at the present time (1-10). During the subsequent history of plants on land, additional kinds of fungus-plant associations have evolved in relation to the exploitation of different habitats and different population structures. The purpose of this paper is to review these associations in an ecological/evolutionary context and to explore the nature of the generalities that can be derived concerning them. Such relationships are particularly significant in view of the role of mycorrhizae in contributing to plant productivity and the consequent potential of manipulating such associations for human benefit (11). In pursuing the ecological and evolutionary patterns involved, we first review the characteristics of the different kinds of mycorrhizae.KINDS OF MYCORRHIZAE Endomycorrhiza. The fungus penetrates roots to form characteristic intracellular vesicles and arbuscles. Endomycorrhizae probably are regularly formed by about four-fifths

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Vesicular-Arbuscular Mycorrhiza and Plant Growth

Cited by 528 publications

References 0 publications

Kinetics of Phosphorus Absorption by Mycorrhizal and Nonmycorrhizal Tomato Roots

Kinetics of Phosphorus Absorption by Mycorrhizal and Nonmycorrhizal Tomato Roots

The mycorrhizal soil infectivity and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal spore communities in soils of different aged fallows in Senegal

Ecological and evolutionary significance of mycorrhizal symbioses in vascular plants (A Review)

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