Vesicular glutamate transporters in the lateral geniculate nucleus: expression of VGLUT2 by retinal terminals

Land, Peter W.; Kyonka, Elizabeth G. E.; Shamalla-Hannah, Lorraine

doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2003.10.032

Cited by 56 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…To test whether driver afferents of cortical and brainstem origin can innervate the same thalamic territories or converge on single thalamocortical cells, we labeled L5 input from the somatosensory cortex by anterograde tracing and the brainstem inputs by type 2 vesicular glutamate transporter immunocytochemistry (vGluT2) a well-established marker of subcortical excitatory inputs (Fremeau et al 2001; Herzog et al 2001; Land et al 2004; Lavallee et al 2005; Graziano et al 2008). …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Convergence of Cortical and Sensory Driver Inputs on Single Thalamocortical Cells

Bokor²,

et al. 2013

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Ascending and descending information is relayed through the thalamus via strong, “driver” pathways. According to our current knowledge, different driver pathways are organized in parallel streams and do not interact at the thalamic level. Using an electron microscopic approach combined with optogenetics and in vivo physiology, we examined whether driver inputs arising from different sources can interact at single thalamocortical cells in the rodent somatosensory thalamus (nucleus posterior, POm). Both the anatomical and the physiological data demonstrated that ascending driver inputs from the brainstem and descending driver inputs from cortical layer 5 pyramidal neurons converge and interact on single thalamocortical neurons in POm. Both individual pathways displayed driver properties, but they interacted synergistically in a time-dependent manner and when co-activated, supralinearly increased the output of thalamus. As a consequence, thalamocortical neurons reported the relative timing between sensory events and ongoing cortical activity. We conclude that thalamocortical neurons can receive 2 powerful inputs of different origin, rather than only a single one as previously suggested. This allows thalamocortical neurons to integrate raw sensory information with powerful cortical signals and transfer the integrated activity back to cortical networks.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Convergence of Cortical and Sensory Driver Inputs on Single Thalamocortical Cells

Bokor²,

et al. 2013

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“…In order to determine whether structural boutons contained presynaptic elements, we quantified the degree of colocalization of boutons with vesicular glutamate transporter 2 (VGLUT2), a presynaptic marker for RGC, but not cortical, inputs in the LGN (Land et al, 2004)(Figure 2D-I). Colocalization was high at both immature and mature axons and did not significantly differ with age (88.2±4.1% at P8 vs. 92.5± 6.5 % at P20-30, SD, p =0.09, student's t-test, n=10, statistical power=0.8, Supplemental Experimental Procedures, Figure S2G).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Refinement of the Retinogeniculate Synapse by Bouton Clustering

Hong

Park

Litvina

et al. 2014

Neuron

106

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Mammalian sensory circuits become refined over development in an activity-dependent manner. Retinal ganglion cell (RGC) axons from each eye first map to their target in the geniculate and then segregate into eye-specific layers by the removal and addition of axon branches. Once segregation is complete, robust functional remodeling continues as the number of afferent inputs to each geniculate neuron decreases from many to a few. It is widely assumed that large-scale axon retraction underlies this later phase of circuit refinement. On the contrary, RGC axons remain stable during functional pruning. Instead, presynaptic boutons grow in size and cluster during this process. Moreover, they exhibit dynamic spatial reorganization in response to sensory experience. Surprisingly, axon complexity decreases only after the completion of the thalamic critical period. Therefore, dynamic bouton redistribution along a broad axon backbone represents an unappreciated form of plasticity underlying developmental wiring and rewiring in the central nervous system.

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“…Therefore, other VGLUT isoforms must be used by the ipRGCs to conduct glutamatergic signals from the retina to their target (suprachiasmatic and preoptic tectal nuclei) in the nonimage-forming visual brain areas. In the rat retina, VGLUT2 mRNA and protein have been localized to cell bodies in the ganglion cell layer (GCL) (Fujiyama et al, 2003), and retinal ganglion cells were found to be the source of VGLUT2-positive puncta in the LGN (Land et al, 2004). Although VGLUT3 immunoreactivity has been found in the somas of some cells in the GCL of the cat (Fyk-Kolodziej et al, 2004), in the mouse and rat retina, VGLUT3 immunostaining has only been found in a subset of amacrine cells with cell bodies in the inner nuclear layer (Haverkamp and Wässle, 2004;Johnson et al, 2004).…”

Section: Melanopsin-containing Rgcs Express Vglut2mentioning

confidence: 99%

Vesicular Glutamate Transporter 1 Is Required for Photoreceptor Synaptic Signaling But Not For Intrinsic Visual Functions

et al. 2007

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Glutamatergic neurotransmission requires vesicular glutamate transporters (VGLUTs) to sequester glutamate into synaptic vesicles. Generally, VGLUT1 and VGLUT2 isoforms show complementary expression in the CNS and retina. However, little is known about whether isoform-specific expression serves distinct pathways and physiological functions. Here, by examining visual functions in VGLUT1-null mice, we demonstrate that visual signaling from photoreceptors to retinal output neurons requires VGLUT1. However, photoentrainment and pupillary light responses are preserved. We provide evidence that melanopsin-containing, intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (RGCs), signaling via VGLUT2 pathways, support these non-image-forming functions. We conclude that VGLUT1 is essential for transmitting visual signals from photoreceptors to second-and third-order neurons, but VGLUT1 is not necessary for intrinsic visual functions. Furthermore, melanopsin and VGLUT2 expression in a subset of RGCs immediately after birth strongly supports the idea that intrinsic vision can function well before rod-and cone-mediated signaling has matured.

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Vesicular glutamate transporters in the lateral geniculate nucleus: expression of VGLUT2 by retinal terminals

Cited by 56 publications

References 24 publications

Convergence of Cortical and Sensory Driver Inputs on Single Thalamocortical Cells

Convergence of Cortical and Sensory Driver Inputs on Single Thalamocortical Cells

Refinement of the Retinogeniculate Synapse by Bouton Clustering

Vesicular Glutamate Transporter 1 Is Required for Photoreceptor Synaptic Signaling But Not For Intrinsic Visual Functions

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