Vesicular melatonin efficiently downregulates sodium fluoride-induced rat hepato- and broncho- TNF-α, TGF-β expressions, and associated oxidative injury: a comparative study of liposomal and nanoencapsulated forms

Abstract

The importance of fluoride as a natural and industrial toxicant is recognized worldwide. We evaluated the regulating role and biological effect of vesicular (liposomal and nanoencapsulated) melatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine) for drug delivery and controlled release on the depletion of inflammatory mediators, as well as oxidative damage in sodium fluoride (NaF)-treated lungs and liver. Hepatic and bronchial damage was induced in Swiss albino rats with a single acute ingestion of NaF (48 mg/kg body weight, oral gavage). NaF exposure caused the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS); upregulation of TNF-α and TGF-β; decreased activities of antioxidant systems (glutathione, glutathione-S-transferase, superoxide dismutase, catalase), succinate dehydrogenase, membrane microviscosity, and membrane potential; increased activity of lipid peroxidation and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide hydride oxidase; and increased hepatic and nephrite toxicities ( P <0.001) compared to those in normal animals. Charge (−ve/+ve)-specific single liposomal (dicetyl phosphate/stearylamine) and nanoencapsulated melatonin (4.46 mg/kg body weight, intravenous) treatments (2 hours after NaF exposure) significantly ( P <0.01/0.001) and maximally ( P <0.001) inhibited all alterations developed in NaF-mediated oxidative injuries in rat liver (+ve) and lungs (−ve), demonstrating their strong free radical scavenging, antioxidant and antigenotoxic properties, and vesicular efficiencies of targeting. Overall, these results suggest that nanoencapsulated melatonin might be considered as a more powerful remedial therapy in comparison to liposomes, in terms of its efficacy in regulating NaF-intoxicated oxidative injury.

Development of BSA conjugated on modified surface of quercetin- loaded lipid nanocarriers for breast cancer treatment

“…From the image, it is revealed that the morphology of the formulation changed, evidencing the successful conjugation of BSA with Q-LNs. The SEM image BSA conjugated Q-loaded LNs is validated using reported image of surface-modified LNs (Mishra et al 2019) and (Sana et al 2017).…”

Gallium Nanoparticles as Delivery System Against Infectious Diseases and Cancer

“…proteins such as siderophores cannot differentiate Ga from Fe , and thus, the growth of the pathogens becomes inhibited by Ga through the blockage of the iron dependent pathways.However, free gallium compounds such as gallium-maltolates, nitrates, chlorides, oxides, nitrides and oxynitrides would be more effective approach for the treatment of infections if these particles become nanosized in a regulated synthesized manner and surface-functionalized with bioactive molecules such as sugars, proteins, peptides, genes, ligands and encapsulated within vesicular systems for their targeting to specic site of interest [4,28]. This review illustrates especially the biological efcacies of GaNPs for the treatments of infective organisms and cancer to consider as a probable effective delivery system.…”

“…Few investigators prepared GaNPs and GaNPs-loaded glucan particles for the delivery of gallium and inhibitions of hypercalcemic malignancy and HIV-infected macrophages [25,43]. As GaNPs lack specicity to the cells, their loading or encapsulation with carriers may result in efcient targeted delivery to macrophages by the receptor-mediated active or passive uptakes mechanisms [43,4,28].…”

The Release Kinetics of Melatonin from Innovative Dosage Forms: The Role of the Fractal Geometry of the “Vehicle”

“…The release kinetics of melatonin shows slow-release features in early digestive stages and more through characteristics in later stages of simulated gastric fluids [21]. Furthermore, vesicular (liposomal and nanoencapsulated) forms of melatonin efficiently downregulate sodium fluoride-induced rat hepato-and broncho-TNF-α, TGF-β expressions, and associated oxidative injury, as well as oxidative damage in sodium fluoride (NaF)-treated lungs and liver [22]. The nanoencapsulated melatonin was evaluated as a more powerful remedial therapy in comparison with liposomes, in terms of its efficacy in regulating NaF-intoxicated oxidative injury [22].…”

“…Furthermore, vesicular (liposomal and nanoencapsulated) forms of melatonin efficiently downregulate sodium fluoride-induced rat hepato-and broncho-TNF-α, TGF-β expressions, and associated oxidative injury, as well as oxidative damage in sodium fluoride (NaF)-treated lungs and liver [22]. The nanoencapsulated melatonin was evaluated as a more powerful remedial therapy in comparison with liposomes, in terms of its efficacy in regulating NaF-intoxicated oxidative injury [22]. Melatonin also encapsulated into liposomes produced using supercritical carbon dioxide (an easier technique compared to thin-film hydration method) [23].…”