Vesiculation of platelet plasma membranes. Dilauroylglycerophosphocholine-induced shedding of a platelet plasma membrane fraction enriched in acetylcholinesterase activity

Kobayashi, Toshihide; Okamoto, Hajime; Yamada, Jun−ichi; Setaka, Morio; Kwan, Takao

doi:10.1016/0005-2736(84)90464-4

Cited by 30 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Based on the biogenesis, EVs can be classified into three categories; apoptotic blebs, shedding microvesicles (SMVs), or ectosomes and exosomes . SMVs (100–1000 nm in diameter) occur through the budding of the plasma membrane . Under proapoptotic stimuli, a cell undergoes apoptosis and subsequently releases apoptotic blebs .…”

Section: Extracellular Vesiclesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exosomes in bodily fluids are a highly stable resource of disease biomarkers

Boukouris

Mathivanan

2015

Proteomics Clinical Apps

486

366

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Biomarkers are measurable indicators of a biological state. As our understanding of diseases meliorates, it is generally accepted that early diagnosis renders the best chance to cure a disease. In the context of proteomics, the discovery phase of identifying bonafide biomarkers and the ensuing validation phase involving large cohort of patient samples are impeded by the complexity of bodily fluid samples. High abundant proteins found in blood plasma make it difficult for the detection of low abundant proteins that may be potential biomarkers. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have reignited interest in the field of biomarker discovery. EVs contain a tissue-type signature wherein a rich cargo of proteins and RNA are selectively packaged. In addition, as EVs are membranous structures, the luminal contents are protected from degradation by extracellular proteases and are highly stable in storage conditions. Interestingly, an appealing feature of EV-based biomarker analysis is the significant reduction in the sample complexity compared to whole bodily fluids. With these prescribed attributes, which are the rate-limiting factors of traditional biomarker analysis, there is immense potential for the use of EVs for biomarker detection in clinical settings. This review will discuss the current issues with biomarker analysis and the potential use of EVs as reservoirs of disease biomarkers.

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Section: Extracellular Vesiclesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exosomes in bodily fluids are a highly stable resource of disease biomarkers

Boukouris

Mathivanan

2015

Proteomics Clinical Apps

486

366

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“…A defined buoyant density of MVs has not yet been determined, but it may overlap that of exosomes (Théry et al, 2009; van Dommelen et al, 2011). In contrast to the endocytotic origin of exosomes, release of MVs results from outward budding at the plasma membrane followed by fission of their connecting membrane stalks (Kobayashi et al, 1984; Dolo et al, 2000; Cocucci et al, 2007; Piccin et al, 2007). While MV biogenesis remains to be defined, microdomains on the plasma membrane containing a high cholesterol level and signaling complexes, or lipid rafts, have been suggested to selectively sequester lipids for MV generation (Del Conde et al, 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of Exosomes/Microvesicles in the Nervous System and Use in Emerging Therapies

Lai¹,

Breakefield²

2012

Front. Physio.

278

215

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Extracellular membrane vesicles (EMVs) are nanometer sized vesicles, including exosomes and microvesicles capable of transferring DNAs, mRNAs, microRNAs, non-coding RNAs, proteins, and lipids among cells without direct cell-to-cell contact, thereby representing a novel form of intercellular communication. Many cells in the nervous system have been shown to release EMVs, implicating their active roles in development, function, and pathologies of this system. While substantial progress has been made in understanding the biogenesis, biophysical properties, and involvement of EMVs in diseases, relatively less information is known about their biological function in the normal nervous system. In addition, since EMVs are endogenous vehicles with low immunogenicity, they have also been actively investigated for the delivery of therapeutic genes/molecules in treatment of cancer and neurological diseases. The present review summarizes current knowledge about EMV functions in the nervous system under both physiological and pathological conditions, as well as emerging EMV-based therapies that could be applied to the nervous system in the foreseeable future.

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“…MV formation occurs by pinching of outward budded protrusion of the plasma membrane ( Figure 1) [37,58,59]. Upon release, MVs will either interact with specific target cells or be degraded in the extracellular space, releasing their cargo [37].…”

Section: Ev Biogenesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Cancer-Derived Extracellular Vesicle-Associated MicroRNAs in Intercellular Communication: One Cell’s Trash Is Another Cell’s Treasure

Mills

Capece

Cocucci

et al. 2019

IJMS

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Several non-protein-coding genomic regions, previously marked as “junk DNA”, have been reported to be transcriptionally active, giving rise to non-coding RNA species implicated in fundamental biological and pathological processes. In particular, microRNAs (miRNAs), a class of small non-coding RNAs mediating post-transcriptional gene silencing, are causally involved in several human diseases, including various cancer types. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membranous structures physiologically released by most cell types. Initially, they were considered a “waste-removal” mechanism, through which cells could dispose unnecessary material and organelles. It is now widely demonstrated that EVs also play a critical role in intercellular communication, mediating the horizontal transfer of lipids, proteins, and genetic material. A paradigm shift in the biology of miRNAs was represented by the discovery that EVs, especially from cancer cells, contain miRs. EV-associated miRs act as autocrine, paracrine and endocrine factors, participating in cancer pathogenesis by modulating intercellular communication. Noteworthy, these formerly neglected molecules are now considered the next generation of cancer “theranostic” tools, with strong clinical relevance. In this review, we aim to summarize the most recent findings regarding EV-associated miRs in cancer pathogenesis and in the development of novel anti-neoplastic diagnostic and therapeutic approaches.

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Vesiculation of platelet plasma membranes. Dilauroylglycerophosphocholine-induced shedding of a platelet plasma membrane fraction enriched in acetylcholinesterase activity

Cited by 30 publications

References 33 publications

Exosomes in bodily fluids are a highly stable resource of disease biomarkers

Exosomes in bodily fluids are a highly stable resource of disease biomarkers

Role of Exosomes/Microvesicles in the Nervous System and Use in Emerging Therapies

Cancer-Derived Extracellular Vesicle-Associated MicroRNAs in Intercellular Communication: One Cell’s Trash Is Another Cell’s Treasure

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