VI.—<i>The geographical relations of the New-Zealand fauna</i>

Hutton, Frederick Wollaston

doi:10.1080/00222937408562426

Cited by 12 publications

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“…But sympatry (range overlap of reproductively isolated populations) is the same phenomenon at all taxonomic levels. The recognition of a corresponding pan-austral fauna came later (Huxley, 1868;Hutton, 1873), but its existence was soon denied by Wallace (1876:159, probably following Darwin, see below): "The north and south division truly represents the fact, that the great northern continents are the seat and birth-place of all the higher forms of life, while the southern continents have derived the greater part, if not the whole, of their vertebrate fauna from the north; but it implies the erroneous conclusion, that the chief southern lands-Australia and South America-are more closely related to each other than to the northem continent. Of nine examples of sympatry, five occur between members of different sections, and the other four examples occur between members of one section, in which the sympatric pairs are separated phylogenetically by two or more genealogical bifurcations.…”

Section: Charles Darwinmentioning

confidence: 99%

Centers of Origin and Related Concepts

Croizat¹,

Nelson²,

Rosen³

1974

Systematic Zoology

266

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Section: Charles Darwinmentioning

confidence: 99%

Centers of Origin and Related Concepts

Croizat¹,

Nelson²,

Rosen³

1974

Systematic Zoology

266

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“…In New Zealand, where it is fished commercially, the life history of G. maculatus became a matter of controversy after Hutton (1872) claimed that this "freshwater" stream-dwelling fish spawned in the sea. This idea was also held by a number of other early New Zealand workers (e.g.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The biology of a landlocked form of the normally catadromous salmoniform fish Galaxias maculatus (Jenyns). I. Life cycle and origin

Pollard¹

1971

Mar. Freshwater Res.

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In contrast to most other members of the family Galaxiidae which live and reproduce in fresh water, Galaxias maculatus, the common jollytail of Australia and "whitebait" of New Zealand, is normaIly catadromous throughout its range (south-eastern Australia, New Zealand, and southern South America). In some athalassic inland lakes on the volcanic plains of south-western Victoria, however, a number of populations apparently descended from this species have becomelandlocked. The life cycle of the forminhabiting one of these lakes (the "landlocked jollytail" of Lake Modewarre) may be briefly summarized as follows: Gonadal maturation in the adult fish, which live in the slightly saline landlocked lake, begins around March and is almost completed by about June. The final stage of maturation is not reached, however, until these fish migrate short distances up intermittent inflowing creeks when the latter begin to flow in late winter and spring (July-October). Spawning takes place when the creeks are swollen after heavy rain, the eggs being deposited amongst flooded vegetation in shallow areas of slow-flowing water along the creek banks. Many of the spent fish die after spawning. The eggs, which are stranded when the flood-waters subside, develop amongst the vegetation on the banks above the normal water level. After development is complete reimmersion by the first flood to cover them stimulates hatching. The normal developmental period is probably about 2 weeks, but in the absence of flooding hatching can be delayed up to at least a month after fertilization. The newly hatched larvae are washed downstream into the lake where they feed and grow to maturity. They migrate upstream to spawn in the following late winter-early spring season at an age of approximately 1 year. The fish grow to about 9 cm in their first year, 14 cm in their second, and 17 cm in their third year. The average size of the females is greater than that of the males. The general features of the life history of this landlocked form are compared and contrasted with those of the stream-dwelling species G. maculatus and a number of other salmoniform fishes. The geological origin of the complex of lakes in south-western Victoria inhabited by landlocked galaxiid populations is discussed, and an hypothesis concerning the origin of the Lake Modewarre form from an ancestral population of G. maculatus in the Barwon-Leigh River system is advanced.

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“…1) in the southern temperate zone has produced considerable zoo-geographical and taxonomic discussion, e.g., Hutton, 1873;Boulenger, 1902;Meek, 1916;Stokell, 1953Stokell, , 1966Allen, 1956;Scott, 1968;McDowall, 1964McDowall, , 1967aMcDowall, , 1970McDowall, , 1971a. Although some aspects of taxonomy and variation in G. maculatus have been discussed, this discussion has been directed primarily at clarifying nomenclatural problems rather than examining the nature and significance of variation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The species problem in freshwater fishes and the taxonomy of diadromous and lacustrine populations ofGalaxias maculatus(Jenyns)

McDowall¹

1972

Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand

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THE species problem in freshwater fishes, in which allopatry is the norm, is discussed. Biological species criteria break down because of the general occurrence of allopatry, and the implications for the taxonomy of freshwater fishes are explored. Essentially morphological criteria must be used, but their use must be subject to careful scrutiny, and patterns of variation must be studied.Galaxias maculatus (Jenyns) is shown to occur in Australia, New Zealand, Chatham Islands, Chile, Tierra del Fuego, and Falkland Islands in the typical diadromous form. Subspecies are not recognised. Landlocked or freshwater-limited populations occur through much of the range of the species, and in these populations vertebral number is reduced to about 55, from about 62 in diadromous stocks. These populations are not given separate taxonomic recognition, variation in vertebral number being regarded as related to the transition from a diadromous to a wholly freshwater life history; G. usitatus McDowall and G. parrishi

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VI.—The geographical relations of the New-Zealand fauna

Cited by 12 publications

References 0 publications

Centers of Origin and Related Concepts

Centers of Origin and Related Concepts

The biology of a landlocked form of the normally catadromous salmoniform fish Galaxias maculatus (Jenyns). I. Life cycle and origin

The species problem in freshwater fishes and the taxonomy of diadromous and lacustrine populations ofGalaxias maculatus(Jenyns)

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