Vi.—metaphors

Can "Metaphor" Be Translated?

“…Whatever his reason for this presumably deliberate omission (a complex metaphor is not readily just over looked), it obviously cannot have been that the metaphor was too "easy" to be worth bothering about. In (4) and (5) we find a combination of both "shared" and "non-shared" metaphors between the two languages. Thus, the first metaphor in (4) and the first two metaphors in (5) all admit of the type of word-for-word translation postulated by K-R, for reason of shared cultural experi ences and semantic associations.…”

“…In Richards (10) "meta phor" claims no fewer than two chapters out of six, In Nowottny (8) two out eight, and in Leech (3) one out of twelve. 4 There is thus an almost grotesque dispro portion between the importance and frequency of "metaphor" in language use and the very minor role allotted to it in translation theory. In a recent paper calling for a review and revision of the aims of contemporary linguistics, Schank and Wilks list among the requirements of a sound linguistic theory that it "must account for metaphor in a non-ad hoc way".…”

Metaphors as models: Towards a typology of metaphor in ancient science

“…They cannot be either true or false because they are not literally claiming an identity between source and target. As Mary McClosky ( 1964 , p. 218) puts it in an often-quoted 7 passage: “To use truth tests on a metaphorical statement is to take it literally and metaphorical statements are to be taken metaphorically.” On metaphor and truth, see also Mac Cormac ( 1985 , pp. 207‒225).…”

Of position papers, paradigms, and paradoxes

“…Although Peirce hardly entertains the notion of a 'logic of esthetic discovery', recent work bears on scientific esthetics (Chandrasekhar 1979, Curtin 1982, Smith 1980, Wechsler 1978. And aside from Arthur Koestler's (1964) felicitous 'bisociation' hypothesis, there is increasing interest in a unified view of metaphoricity in science and art (Beardsley 1978;Beck 1978;Berggren 1962-63;Black 1962;Brown 1976;Buchanan 1962;McCloskey 1964;Merrell , 1985bvan Steenberg 1965) and in a common unified approach to scientific and artistic activity (Bronowski 1956(Bronowski , 1978Stent 1972; see also Stent 1975 andMeyer 1974). Notably, Mary Hesse (1966) suggests an approach strikingly similar to the metaphor/metonymy model adopted by many semioticians following Roman Jakobson (1960; see also Merrell 1985b).…”