Viability of Bacteriophages in the Complex Hydrogel Wound Dressings in vitro

Abstract

Using bacteriophages to overcome the increasing resistance of microorganisms to antibiotics is a novel research venue of clinical importance. Among other challenges, this technique is expected to create and maintain an adequate local concentration of bacteriophages at the site of application. In addition, the possibility of combining the phage preparation with antioxidants and anesthetics may provide new options for stimulating the reparative process.The aim of the study was to assess the viability and lytic activity of bacteriophages incorporated into a hydrogel-based wound dressing that contains polyvinyl alcohol, phosphate buffer, with optional additions of succinic acid and lidocaine. Materials and Methods.A technique for incorporating bacteriophages into the complex hydrogel wound dressing ex tempore has been proposed. The bacteriolytic activity of phages inside the hydrogel was determined using standard microbiological techniques. Specifically, we used nutrient media with lawn cultures of Staphylococcus aureus added with the following antibacterial combinations: bacteriophages + succinic acid, bacteriophages + lidocaine, and bacteriophages + succinic acid + lidocaine. The lytic activity of bacteriophages was assessed within 1 to 7 days after the formation of the hydrogel.Results. In all samples containing bacteriophages, the presence of viable and lytically active phages was noted within 1 to 7 days, as evidenced by the "negative colonies" on the culture lawns. On days 1 to 3, no secondary growth was recorded in the phage-containing samples. In hydrogel samples containing phages, succinic acid, and lidocaine, secondary bacterial colonies were detected starting from day 4 indicating some reduction in the lytic activity. Conclusion.The results suggest that bacteriophages immobilized in the hydrogel maintain their viability and lytic activity, and this activity persists when the phages are combined with succinic acid and lidocaine.

Immobilization of Bacteriophages in Ex Tempore Hydrogel for the Treatment of Burn Wound Infection

“…Preservation of the bacteriophages’ lytic activity in the hydrogel was confirmed with both in vitro [ 34 ] and in vivo [ 35 ] studies; it was demonstrated that the bacteriophages’ lytic activity in hydrogels based on the Polypran wound dressing was maintained for 4–7 days.…”

Phage Delivery Strategies for Biocontrolling Human, Animal, and Plant Bacterial Infections: State of the Art

“…For topical phage administrations, the formulation needs to be compatible with the application site, be minimally irritating to the skin, be easy to apply and remove, be stable enough to avoid the need for frequent applications, and be bacteriostatic [ 96 , 102 ]. In addition to these challenges, the products for the topical delivery of lytic phages need to maintain the structural integrity and viability of the phage virions, as well as adequate phage concentrations at the site of application [ 103 ].…”

“…(P. vulgaris, P. mirabilis), Klebsiella spp. (K. pneumoniae, K. oxytoca), Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), aqueous solution of bacteriophages "Complex Pyobacteriophage" and succinic acid; Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and aqueous solution of bacteriophages "Complex Pyobacteriophage" and lidocaine; Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and aqueous solution of bacteriophages "Complex Pyobacteriophage" and succinic acid and lidocaine [103] Escherichia coli Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) hydrogel and bacteriophage [112] Acinetobacter baumannii Sodium alginate, choline oleate and lytic bacteriophages [105] Escherichia coli Sodium alginate, gelatin, and hyaluronic acid for encapsulating acid fibroblast growth factor (aFGF) and bacteriophages [113] Pseudomonas aeruginosa Polycaprolactone (PCL) nanofibers (non-woven textile) and bacteriophages [110] Staphylococcus aureus Beta-glucan (BG), arabinogalactan, gums, and bacteriophages [114] Enterococcus faecalis Alginate-nanohydroxyapatite hydrogel and phages [115]…”