Viability of glochidia of two species of <i>Anodonta</i> exposed to low pH and selected metals

Huebner, Judith D.; Pynnönen, Kirsi

doi:10.1139/z92-315

Cited by 41 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Procedures for acute bioassays are better established for glochidia than juveniles, as the former have been more available for testing because they are obtained from gravid adults collected from the field rather than cultured. However, limitations with using glochidia as test organisms have become evident, with researchers reporting substantial declines in viability during laboratory studies after only short periods, ranging from hours to days, depending on the species [7,13,14]. This may be attributable to their limited energy reserves, and therefore, glochidia are only effective as test organisms for assessing acute toxicity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acute and chronic toxicity of mercury to early life stages of the rainbow mussel, Villosa iris (Bivalvia: Unionidae)

Valenti

Cherry

Neves

et al. 2005

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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Mercury (Hg) contamination is receiving increased attention globally because of human health and environmental concerns. Few laboratory studies have examined the toxicity of Hg on early life stages of freshwater mussels, despite evidence that glochidia and juvenile life stages are more sensitive to contaminants than adults. Three bioassays (72-h acute glochidia, 96-h acute juvenile, and 21-d chronic juvenile toxicity tests) were conducted by exposing Villosa iris to mercuric chloride salt (HgCl2). Glochidia were more sensitive to acute exposure than were juvenile mussels, as 24-, 48-, and 72-h median lethal concentration values (LC50) for glochidia were >107, 39, and 14 microg Hg/L, respectively. The 24-, 48-, 72-, and 96-h values for juveniles were 162, 135, 114, and 99 microg Hg/L, respectively. In the chronic test, juveniles exposed to Hg treatments > or = 8 microg/L grew significantly less than did control organisms. The substantial difference in juvenile test endpoints emphasizes the importance of assessing chronic exposure and sublethal effects. Overall, our study supports the use of glochidia as a surrogate life stage for juveniles in acute toxicity tests. However, as glochidia may be used only in short-term tests, it is imperative that an integrated approach be taken when assessing risk to freshwater mussels, as their unique life history is atypical of standard test organisms. Therefore, we strongly advocate the use of both glochidia and juvenile life stages for risk assessment.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acute and chronic toxicity of mercury to early life stages of the rainbow mussel, Villosa iris (Bivalvia: Unionidae)

Valenti

Cherry

Neves

et al. 2005

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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“…Not only water temperature but also other factors such as water quality may affect the glochidial surivival rate. For example, glochidial viability of the unionoids Anodonta anatina and A. cygnea is reduced by metals such as Cu, Cd, Zn, and Al, and by low pH (Huebner and Pynnonen, 1992).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Survival of Glochidial Larvae of the Freshwater Pearl Mussel, Margaritifera laevis (Bivalvia: Unionoida), at Different Temperatures: A Comparison Between Two Populations With and Without Recruitment

Akiyama

Iwakuma

2007

Zoological Science

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The viability of free-living glochidia of the freshwater pearl mussel (Margaritifera laevis) was studied in the laboratory at water temperatures of 10 o C, 15 o C and 20 o C. To obtain glochidia, gravid female mussels were collected from the Chitose River, inhabited by adult and juvenile mussels, and from the Abira River, where only adult mussels were found. Daily survival rates of glochidia from each population at various water temperatures were significantly different, and survival time was longest at the lowest temperature in each population. Maintenance of some field mussel populations might become difficult at higher water temperatures due to the short survival time of glochidia and expected low density of host fish. Daily survival rates of glochidia were compared between the Abira population at 15 o C and the Chitose population at 20 o C, since these temperatures were close to the mean water temperature during the period of glochidial release in the respective rivers. Daily mean survival rates were significantly different between the Abira population at 15 o C and the Chitose population at 20 o C. Mean glochidial survival rate for the Chitose population changed from 85.3% to 66.2% from 9 to13 h, whereas that for the Abira population dropped suddenly from 80.4% to 34.2% from 10 to 14 h after the initiation of experiment. Absence of juveniles in the Abira River might have been caused by the low glochidial viability. Survival times of free-living glochidia in Margaritiferidae tend to be shorter than in other families in Unionoida. A trade-off is suggested between high fertility and low glochidial survival rate in Margaritiferidae.

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“…Several studies (e.g., Manley and Davenport, 1979;Kramer et al, 1989;Huebner and Pynnönen, 1992;Markich et al, 1996;Fdil et al, 2006;Schwartzmann et al, 2011) have confirmed that valve movement behavior can be used to sensitively quantify biological reactions in real-time (Figure 10) for assessing the toxicological effects of metal exposures. The observations found that upon exposure to toxic concentrations of metals, bivalves have the ability to reduce the exposure of their soft tissues for extended periods by closing their valve (Manley and Davenport, 1979;Kramer et al, 1989;Salánki and Balogh, 1989;Huebner and Pynnönen, 1992).…”

Section: Future Application Approachesmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…The observations found that upon exposure to toxic concentrations of metals, bivalves have the ability to reduce the exposure of their soft tissues for extended periods by closing their valve (Manley and Davenport, 1979;Kramer et al, 1989;Salánki and Balogh, 1989;Huebner and Pynnönen, 1992).…”

Section: Future Application Approachesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Application of Long-Lived Bivalve Sclerochronology in Environmental Baseline Monitoring

Steinhardt¹,

Butler

Carroll

et al. 2016

Front. Mar. Sci.

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Assessments of the impact of construction, operation, and removal of large infrastructures and other human activities on the marine environment are limited because they do not fully quantify the background baseline conditions and relevant scales of natural variability. Baselines as defined in Environmental Impact Assessments typically reflect the status of the environment and its variability drawn from published literature and augmented with some short term site specific characterization. Consequently, it can be difficult to determine whether a change in the environment subsequent to industrial activity is within or outside the range of natural background variability representative of an area over decades or centuries. An innovative approach that shows some promise in overcoming the limitations of traditional baseline monitoring methodology involves the analysis of shell material (sclerochronology) from molluscs living upon or within the seabed in potentially affected areas. Bivalves especially can be effective biomonitors of their environment over a wide range of spatial and temporal scales. A rapidly expanding body of research has established that numerous characteristics of the environment can be reflected in morphological and geochemical properties of the carbonate material in bivalve shells, as well as in functional responses such as growth rates. In addition, the annual banding pattern in shells can provide an absolute chronometer of environmental variability and/or industrial effects. Further, some species of very long-lived bivalves can be crossdated back in time, like trees, by comparing these annual banding patterns in their shells. It is therefore feasible to develop extended timeseries of certain marine environmental variables that can provide important insights into long temporal scales of baseline variability. We review recent innovative work on the shell structure, morphology, and geochemistry of bivalves and conclude that they have substantial potential for use as monitors of environmental variability and the effects of pollutants and disturbance.

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Viability of glochidia of two species of Anodonta exposed to low pH and selected metals

Cited by 41 publications

References 26 publications

Acute and chronic toxicity of mercury to early life stages of the rainbow mussel, Villosa iris (Bivalvia: Unionidae)

Acute and chronic toxicity of mercury to early life stages of the rainbow mussel, Villosa iris (Bivalvia: Unionidae)

Survival of Glochidial Larvae of the Freshwater Pearl Mussel, Margaritifera laevis (Bivalvia: Unionoida), at Different Temperatures: A Comparison Between Two Populations With and Without Recruitment

The Application of Long-Lived Bivalve Sclerochronology in Environmental Baseline Monitoring

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