Viable mpox virus in the environment of a patient room

Marimuthu, Kalisvar; Wong, Judith Chui Ching; Lim, Poh Lian; Octavia, Sophie; Huan, Xiaowei; Ng, Yi Kai; Yang, Junjing; Sutjipto, Stephanie; Linn, Kyaw Zaw; Setoh, Yin Xiang; Ong, Chong Hui Clara; Griffiths, Jane; Farhanah, Sharifah; Cheok, Thai Shawn; Sulaiman, Nur Ashikin Binti; Congcong, Sipaco Barbara; Neves, Erica Sena; Loo, Liang Hui; Hakim, Luqman; Sim, Shuzhen; Lim, Merrill; Nazeem, Mohammad; Vasoo, Shawn; Tham, Kwok Wai; Ng, Oon Tek; Ng, Lee Ching

doi:10.1016/j.ijid.2023.03.016

Cited by 9 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…It is currently thought that certain activities could cause the mpox virus to be suspended in the air 30 . Practices that could aerosolize virus particles, such as shaking bed linens or an aerosol‐generating procedure (such as intubation) 52 or such as opening of doors, 29 vacuum cleaning and transport of contaminated items for washing, 38 should be avoided; therefore, the need for healthcare professionals to wear the proper respiratory protection when conducting tasks that could cause infectious material to be suspended in polluted surroundings is essential 30 . Further studies are needed to evaluate the extent to which the presence of mpox virus DNA in the air could affect immunocompromised patients in healthcare facilities, and further epidemiological studies are crucial, especially in Africa.…”

Section: Type Sample Mpox Strain Used Referencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mpox virus Clade IIb detection in the air

Saied

2023

Journal of Medical Virology

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Mpox is a viral zoonotic disease endemic in Central and West Africa that is caused by the Mpox virus, which belongs to the Orthopoxvirus genus and Poxviridae family. The clinical manifestations of mpox infection are milder than those of smallpox, and the incubation time of mpox varies from 5 to 21 days. Since May 2022, the mpox outbreak (formerly known as monkeypox) has suddenly and unexpectedly spread in non-endemic countries, suggesting that there may have been some undetected transmissions. Based on molecular analysis, there are two major genetic clades that represent the mpox virus: Clade I (formerly the Congo Basin clade OR the Central African clade) and Clade II (formerly the West African clade). It is believed that people who are asymptomatic or paucisymptomatic may spread the mpox virus. Infectious viruses cannot be distinguished by PCR testing; therefore, virus culture should be carried out. Recent evidence regarding the detection of the mpox virus (Clade IIb) in air samples collected from the patient's environment during the 2022 mpox outbreak was reviewed. Further studies are needed to evaluate the extent to which the presence of mpox virus DNA in the air could affect immunocompromised patients in healthcare facilities, and further epidemiological studies are crucial, especially in Africa.

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Section: Type Sample Mpox Strain Used Referencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mpox virus Clade IIb detection in the air

Saied

2023

Journal of Medical Virology

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“…Poxviruses contain lower lipid content in the envelope, so they are more resistant to environmental conditions. A total of 179 samples were tested from MPX-positive patients' rooms with high-efficiency particulate air filters (HEPA), where 1 week of contamination was found that declined after 3 weeks [9] . It is also presumed that the MPX virus enters human body through different channels such as broken skin, respiratory tract, or mucosal surfaces (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Monkeypox virus (MPXV): A Brief account of global spread, epidemiology, virology, clinical features, pathogenesis, and therapeutic interventions

Islam,

Mumin,

Haque

et al. 2023

Infectious Medicine

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Wastewater-Based Surveillance of Mpox (Monkeypox): An Early Surveillance Tool for Detecting Hotspots

Islam,

Kumar,

Sharma

et al. 2024

Curr Pollution Rep

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Purpose of Review This study aims to review recent literature reporting wastewater-based surveillance (WBS) of the monkeypox virus (MPXV) with a major focus on sample collection, processing, and public health safety issues. Recent Findings Various studies revealed the presence of MPXV genetic markers in sewage, wastewater treatment plants, and drainage systems of hospitals in multiple countries. Summary Mpox (formally monkeypox) has been identified in more than a hundred countries, confirming at least 93,937 cases from 06 May 2022 to 03 February 2024. The MPXV, the causative agent for mpox, is a zoonotic virus having genome DNA. Major symptoms of the disease are rash, fever, headache, and chills with lymph pain. It has about a 10% case fatality rate, without any approved vaccine, but researchers are investigating the development of therapeutic vaccines. The virus DNA signature has been long reported in urine, stool, saliva, semen, and spit samples of clinical patients, make feasible for tracking the virus in wastewater. Furthermore, recent studies have reported MPXV DNA from environmental samples. As MPXV is a zoonotic virus with possible multiple hosts (e.g., small mammals and rodents), their detection in environmental samples might indicate the possible circulation of the virus including non-human hosts. The persistence of the infective virus particles in the ambient environment has not been fully investigated. Also, their possible risks of transmission through the contaminated milieu are unknown. The WBS can be an effective tool for identifying their hotspots and trends in communities. Graphical Abstract

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Viable mpox virus in the environment of a patient room

Cited by 9 publications

References 10 publications

Mpox virus Clade IIb detection in the air

Mpox virus Clade IIb detection in the air

Monkeypox virus (MPXV): A Brief account of global spread, epidemiology, virology, clinical features, pathogenesis, and therapeutic interventions

Wastewater-Based Surveillance of Mpox (Monkeypox): An Early Surveillance Tool for Detecting Hotspots

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