Viable protozoa in late Pleistocene and Holocene permafrost sediments

Shatilovich, A. V.; Shmakova, Lyubov; Губин, С. В.; Gudkov, Andrei V.; Gilichinskii, D. A.

doi:10.1007/s10630-005-0066-1

Cited by 15 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Even though their viability is highly variable, other eukaryotic microorganisms have also been detected in ancient ice and resurrected with relative ease. For instance, in 2005 a group of Russian researchers found viable protozoa (including amoeboids, ciliates and flagellates) in permafrost samples collected from the Eastern sector of the Arctic tundra, with an estimated age ranging between 28,000 and 35,000 years old (Shatilovich et al 2005 ). Since then, many more protozoa have been discovered in permanently frozen environments and further reactivated.…”

Section: Cryosphere As Reservoir For Past and Present Human Pathogensmentioning

confidence: 99%

Climate change, melting cryosphere and frozen pathogens: Should we worry…?

Yarzábal

Salazar

Batista-García

2021

Environmental Sustainability

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Permanently frozen environments (glaciers, permafrost) are considered as natural reservoirs of huge amounts of microorganisms, mostly dormant, including human pathogens. Due to global warming, which increases the rate of ice-melting, approximately 4 × 10 21 of these microorganisms are released annually from their frozen confinement and enter natural ecosystems, in close proximity to human settlements. Some years ago, the hypothesis was put forward that this massive release of potentially-pathogenic microbes—many of which disappeared from the face of the Earth thousands and even millions of years ago—could give rise to epidemics. The recent anthrax outbreaks that occurred in Siberia, and the presence of bacterial and viral pathogens in glaciers worldwide, seem to confirm this hypothesis. In that context, the present review summarizes the currently available scientific evidence that allows us to imagine a near future in which epidemic outbreaks, similar to the abovementioned, could occur as a consequence of the resurrection and release of microbes from glaciers and permafrost. Supplementary Information The online version of this article (10.1007/s42398-021-00184-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Cryosphere As Reservoir For Past and Present Human Pathogensmentioning

confidence: 99%

Climate change, melting cryosphere and frozen pathogens: Should we worry…?

Yarzábal

Salazar

Batista-García

2021

Environmental Sustainability

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“…Acanthamoeba has a worldwide distribution in the environment [1][2][3][4]. Acanthamoeba keratitis (AK) infections occur after water exposure or a history of swimming in lakes, following contact with soil or plants, or due to contact lens wear for optical or cosmetic purposes [5][6][7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

First report of Acanthamoeba genotype T8 human keratitis

Orosz

Szentmáry

Kiss

et al. 2018

AMicr

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Acanthamoeba has a worldwide distribution in the environment and it is capable of causing a painful sight-threatening disease of the cornea designated as Acanthamoeba keratitis (AK). Nowadays, the cases of AK have surged all over the world along with its disease burden due to increasing use of contact lenses used not only for optical correction but also for cosmetic purposes. In our present work, epithelial abrasion of a 27-year-old female soft contact lens wearer with keratitis was examined. Genotype identification was carried out with a real-time fluorescence resonance energy transfer polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay based on sequence analysis of the 18S rRNA gene. Genotyping allowed the identification of a T8 group isolate. The analysis confirmed the importance of a complete diagnostic protocol, including a PCR assay, for the clinical diagnosis of AK from human samples. Acanthamoeba T8 should be considered as potential causative organism in keratitis in human.

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“…Unlike obligate parasites, pathogenic Acanthamoeba spp. can complete their life cycle and environmental performance without having to enter the human or animal host [1][2][3][4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Laboratory diagnosis of Acanthamoeba keratitis in Hungary

Orosz

Farkas

Kucsera

2016

Acta Microbiologica et Immunologica Hungarica

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Acanthamoeba species are free-living amebae that can be found in almost every range of environments. Within this genus, numerous species are recognized as human pathogens, potentially causing Acanthamoeba keratitis (AK). AK is a corneal disease that is predominantly associated with contact lens use, the epidemiology of which is related to the specific genotype of Acanthamoeba. This study reports seven (7/16; 43.75%) positive cases. Detection of Acanthamoeba in corneal scrapings is based on cultivation and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) combined with the molecular taxonomic identification method. By PCR, seven samples were positive; cultivation was successful for five samples, probably because of the low quantity of samples. Genotype identification was carried out with a real-time fluorescence resonance energy transfer PCR assay based on sequence analysis of the 18S rRNA gene, and sensitivity and specificity were evaluated in comparison with traditional parasitological techniques. All seven detected Acanthamoeba strains belonged to the T4 genotype, the main AK-related genotype worldwide. These results confirmed the importance of a complete diagnostic protocol, including a PCR assay, for the clinical diagnosis of AK from human samples. Genotyping allowed the identification of all isolates in the T4 group, thus demonstrating the prevalence of this genotype in Hungary.

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Viable protozoa in late Pleistocene and Holocene permafrost sediments

Cited by 15 publications

References 5 publications

Climate change, melting cryosphere and frozen pathogens: Should we worry…?

Climate change, melting cryosphere and frozen pathogens: Should we worry…?

First report of Acanthamoeba genotype T8 human keratitis

Laboratory diagnosis of Acanthamoeba keratitis in Hungary

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