“…Jiang et al established a multi-channel vibration measurement system for online recognizing the operating condition of the converter transformer and extracting characteristic parameters of vibration signal in the time domain, frequency domain, and energy spectra [9] . Based on the vibration characteristics of silicon steel magnetostriction core, Liu et al proposed a new vibration half-energy method that can accurately reflect the magnetic flux distribution anomaly induced by DC bias [10] . Zhao et al combined 6 single-phase four-column transformers (20 kVA, 220 V, and an impedance of 18%) and 2 sets of six-pulse rectifier bridges for simulating the rectifier station in high-voltage DC transmission system and experimentally measured the vibration and noise of a converter transformer under various operating conditions [11] .…”